Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
General information
Basic general information about Windows.
DOS shells
| Name | Release date | Latest version | Status support | Source model | Codename | OS required | Architecture | Editions | Target market |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 1.0 | 1985-11-20 | 1.04 (1987-04-08) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | Interface Manager | DOS 2.0 or higher | 16-bit | Desktops | |
| Windows 2.0 | 1987-12-09 | 2.03 (1987-12-09) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | ? | 16-bit | Desktops | ||
| Windows 2.1x | 1988-05-27 | 2.11 (1989-03-13) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | ? | 16-bit | Desktops | ||
| Windows 3.0 | 1990-05-22 | 3.0a with Multimedia Extensions (1991-10-20) |
Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | DOS 3.1 or higher | 16-bit | Windows 3.0 Windows 3.0a Windows 3.0a with Multimedia Extensions |
Desktops | |
| Windows 3.1x | 1992-04-06 | 3.11 (1993-12-31) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source |
|
DOS 3.3 or higher | 16-bit* | Windows 3.1 (build 040) Windows for Workgroups 3.1 Windows 3.11 Windows for Workgroups 3.11 Windows 3.2 (Simplified Chinese only) |
Desktops |
Windows 9x
| Name | Release date | RTM build | Latest version | Status support | Source model | Codename | MS-DOS version | Kernel type | Architecture | Editions | Target market |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 95 | 1995-08-24 | 950 | 4.00.950C OSR2.5 (1997-11-26) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | Chicago | MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS 7.1 (OSR2.x) | Monolithic | Hybrid 16/32-bit | Retail, OSR1, OSR2, OSR2.1, OSR2.5 | Desktops |
| Windows 98/98 SE | 1998-06-25 | 1998 | 4.10.2222A (1999-04-23) | Unsupported (2006-07-11) |
Closed source | Memphis | MS-DOS 7.1 | Monolithic | Hybrid 16/32-bit | First edition, Second Edition | Desktops |
| Windows Me | 2000-06-19 | 3000 | 4.90.3000 (2000-09-14) | Unsupported (2006-07-11) |
Closed source | Millennium | MS-DOS 8.0 | Monolithic | Hybrid 16/32-bit | Template:Sp1, sp2, sp3, sp4 | Desktops |
Windows NT
| Name | Release date | RTM build | Current version | Status support | License | Codename, working name | Based on (kernel) | Supported architectures | Editions | OS type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows NT 3.1 | 1993-07-27 | 528 | 3.10.528 SP3 (1994-11-10) |
Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | New Technology OS/2 | NT 3.1 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | Workstation, Advanced Server |
Workstation, Server |
| Windows NT 3.5 | 1994-09-21 | 807 | 3.50.807 SP3 (1995-06-21) |
Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | Daytona | NT 3.5 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | Workstation, Server |
Workstation, Server |
| Windows NT 3.51 | 1995-05-30 | 1057 | 3.51.1057 SP5 (1996-09-19) |
Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | ? | NT 3.51 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | Workstation, Server |
Workstation, Server |
| Windows NT 4.0 | 1996-08-24 | 1381 | 4.00.1381 SP6a (1999-11-30) |
Unsupported (2004-12-31) |
Closed source | Cairo Hydra (Terminal Server) |
NT 4.0 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded |
Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs |
| Windows 2000 | 2000-02-17 | 2195 | 5.0 SP4 Rollup 1 v2 (2005-09-13) |
Unsupported (2010-07-13) |
Shared source | Memphis NT | NT 5.0 | IA-32, IA-64, x86 | Professional, Server, Advanced Server, Datacenter Server, Powered (Embedded) |
Desktop, Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs |
| Windows XP | 2001-10-25 | 2600 | 5.1.2600 SP3 (2008-04-21) |
Unsupported (2014-04-08) |
Shared source | Whistler | NT 5.1; NT 5.2 (64-bit 2003 and x64) |
IA-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Starter Edition, Home N K KN, Professional N K KN x64, Media Center, Tablet PC, Starter, Embedded |
Desktop, Workstation, Embedded PCs |
| Windows Server 2003 | 2003-04-24 | 3790 | 5.2.3790 SP2 (2007-03-13) |
Unsupported (2015-07-14) |
Shared source | Whistler Server, Windows .NET Server | NT 5.2 | IA-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server, Compute Cluster |
Server, Network Appliance, Embedded PCs, HPC |
| Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | 2006-07-08 | 2600 | RTM (2006-07-08) |
Unsupported (2014-04-08) |
Shared source | Eiger, Monch | NT 5.1 | IA-32 | Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | Desktop |
| Windows Vista | 2006-11-08 | 6000 (SP2: 6002) | 6.0 SP2 (2009-04-28) |
Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
Longhorn | NT 6.0 | IA-32, x86-64 | Starter, Home Basic N K KN, Home Premium K KN, Business N K KN, Enterprise K KN, Ultimate K KN |
Desktop, Workstation |
| Windows Server 2008 | 2008-02-27 | 6001 (SP2: 6002) | 6.0 SP2 (2008-02-27) |
Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
Longhorn Server | NT 6.0 | IA-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Web Core, Standard Core wHV CwHV, Enterprise Core wHV CwHV, Small Business Server, Datacenter Core wHV CwHV, HPC, HyperV Core, Foundation, Storage |
Server |
| Windows Home Server | 2007-06-16 | 3790 | 5.2 | Unsupported (8 January 2013) | Closed source | Q, Quattro | NT 5.2 | IA-32, x86-64 | Home Server | Server |
| Windows 7 | 2009-10-22[1] | 7600 (SP1: 7601) | 6.1 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"7", Vienna | NT 6.1 | IA-32, x86-64 | Starter N K KN, Home Basic N K KN, Home Premium N K KN, Professional N K KN, Ultimate N K KN, Enterprise N K KN |
Desktop, Workstation, Multi-Touch |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 | 2009-10-22 | 7600 (SP1: 7601) | 6.1 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"7" Server | NT 6.1 | IA-64, x86-64 | Standard Core, Enterprise Core, Datacenter Core, We Core |
Server |
| Windows Home Server 2011 | 2011-04-05 | 8400 | 6.1 | Unsupported (2016-04-12) |
Closed source | Vail | NT 6.1 | x86-64 | Home Server | Server |
| Windows Server 2012 | 2012-09-04 | 9200 | 6.2 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"8" Server | NT 6.2 | x86-64 | Foundation Essentials Standard Datacenter |
Server |
| Windows 8 | 2012-10-26 | 9200 | 6.2 | Unsupported (2016-01-12) |
Closed source, Shared source |
"8" | NT 6.2 | IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7 | Windows 8 N, Pro N, Enterprise N K KN, Windows RT |
Desktop, Workstation, Multitouch |
| Windows 8.1 | 2013-10-18 | 9600 | 6.3 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"Blue" | NT 6.3 | IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7 | Windows 8 N, Pro N, Enterprise N K KN, Windows RT 8.1 |
Desktop, Workstation, Multitouch |
| Windows Server 2012 R2 | 2013-10-18 | 9600 | 6.3 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"Blue" Server | NT 6.3 | x86-64 | Foundation Essentials Standard Datacenter |
Server |
| Windows 10 | 2015-07-29 | 10240 | 10.0 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"Threshold" | NT 10.0 | IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7 | Home N KN, Pro N KN, Enterprise N KN, Education N KN, Mobile, Mobile Enterprise, IoT Core |
Desktop, Workstation, Multitouch, Smartphones, PDAs, IoT |
| 2015-11-12 | 10586 | |||||||||
| 14257 | In development | "Redstone" | ||||||||
| Windows Server 2016 | 10586 | 10.0 | In development | Closed source, Shared source |
NT 10.0 | x86-64 | Server |
- ^N has also an N-edition
- ^K has also an N-edition
- ^KN has also an N-edition
- ^x64 has a separate x64-edition
- ^Core has also a Core-edition
- ^wHV has also an edition without HyperV
- ^CwHV has also a Core-edition without HyperV
Windows Embedded Compact
Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors.
| Release date | RTM build | Current version | Status support | License | Codename | Based on (kernel) | Kernel type | Operating environments | Editions | Purpose | Short description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows CE 1.0 | 1996-11 | Pegasus, Alder | CE 1.0 | Embedded | first release of Microsoft's Windows CE line for minimalistic computers and embedded systems | |||||||
| Windows CE 2.0 | 1997-11 | Mercury, Apollo | CE 2.0 | 2.1, 2.11 | Embedded | |||||||
| Windows CE 3.0 | 2000-04 | Unsupported (2007-10-09) |
Shared source | Cedar, Galileo, Rapier, Merlin, Stinger | CE 3.0 | Embedded kernel | Embedded | |||||
| Windows CE 4.0 | 2002-01-07 | Talisker | CE 4.0 | 4.1, 4.2 | Embedded | |||||||
| Windows CE 5.0 | 2004-07-09 | 5.0 (2004-07-09) | Supported | Shared source | Macallan | CE 5.0 | Embedded kernel | Embedded | ||||
| Windows Embedded CE 6.0 | 2006-11-01 | Shared source | Yamazaki | CE 6.0 | Hybrid kernel | |||||||
| Windows Embedded Compact 7 | 2011-03-01 | ? | ? | Supported | Shared source | ? | CE 7.0 | Hybrid | ? | N/A |
Windows Mobile
Windows Mobile is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.
| Name | Release date | RTM build | Current version | Status support | License | Codename | Based on (kernel) | Supported architectures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows Pocket PC 2002 | CE 3.0 | |||||||
| Windows Mobile 2003 | 2003-06-23 | Ozone | CE 4.20 | |||||
| Windows Mobile 5.0 | 2005-05-9/12 | Magneto | CE 5.0 | |||||
| Windows Mobile 6.0 | 2007-02-12 | Crossbow | CE 5.2 | |||||
| Windows Mobile 6.1 | 2008-04-01 | |||||||
| Windows Mobile 6.5 | 2009-05-18 |
Windows Phone
As of 2013 Windows Phone is Microsoft's active line of operating systems for smartphones.
| Name | Release date | RTM build | Current version | Status support | License | Codename | Based on (kernel) | Supported architectures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows Phone 7 | 2010-11-08 | 7004 | 7.10.8862 | End of life | Closed source, Shared source |
Photon | CE 6.0 | ARM |
| Windows Phone 7.5 | 2011-09-27 | 7720 | End of life | Closed source, Shared source |
Mango | CE 6.1 | ARM | |
| Windows Phone 7.8 | 2013-02-01 | 8858 | End of life | Closed source, Shared source |
CE 6.1 | ARM | ||
| Windows Phone 8 | 2012-10-29 | 10211 | 10.0.10586 | End of life | Closed source, Shared source |
Apollo, Portico | NT 6.2 | ARM |
| Windows Phone 8.1 | 2014-04-14 | 12359 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
Blue | NT 6.3 | ARM | |
| Windows 10 Mobile | 2015-11-08 | 10586 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
Threshold | NT 10.0 | ARM |
Technical information
DOS shells
| Name | Architecture | Integrated firewall | SMP support | USB support | UDMA support | LFN support | Update management | APIs | Safe Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 1.0 | x86 16-bit | No | No | No | No | No | No | Win16 | No |
| Windows 2.0 | x86 16-bit | No | No | No | No | No | No | Win16 | No |
| Windows 3.0 | x86 16-bit | No | No | No | No | No | No | Win16 | No |
| Windows 3.1x | x86 16-bit (partial 32-bit compatibility through Win32s) | No | No | No | No | No | No | Win16, Win32s | No |
Windows 9x
| Name | Kernel | Kernel type | Architecture | Integrated firewall | SMP support | USB support | UDMA support | LFN support | Update management | APIs | Safe Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 95 | MS-DOS 7.0 (Win95, Win95A), MS-DOS 7.1 (Win95B, Win95C) | Monolithic kernel | x86, hybrid 16/32-bit | No | No | Partial (OSR 2.1/2.5 only) [2] | No | Yes | Windows Update | Win16, Win32 | Yes |
| Windows 98 | MS-DOS 7.1 | Monolithic kernel | x86, hybrid 16/32-bit | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Windows Update | Win16, Win32 | Yes |
| Windows 98 Second Edition | MS-DOS 7.1 | Monolithic kernel | x86, hybrid 16/32-bit | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Windows Update | Win16, Win32 | Yes |
| Windows Me | MS-DOS 8.0 | Monolithic kernel | x86, hybrid 16/32-bit | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Windows Update | Win16, Win32 | Yes |
The MS-DOS variants 7.0 and 7.1 can be separated from Windows to small partition on a new harddrive, if a second operative system is wanted or in order to run old programmes. If someone wants to, or is in need of, a DOS system together with of Windows, then DOS ought to be installed prior to the Windows installation, in the beginning of a small partition of a hard disk. The system must be transferred by the (dangerous) "SYSTEM" DOS-command. While other required files just can be copied. They are those files which are located in the DOS-root and the entire COMMAND directory. But as all DOS files are tiny or small compared to many modern Windows files, one may copy them all just as well. MS-DOS 8, cannot be used as a second or third operative system, as it's designed to work as real mode for Windows Me and nothing else.
Windows NT
The Windows NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. It runs on IA-32, x64 and Itanium processors.
| Name | Architecture | Store | Integrated firewall | SMP support | USB support | UDMA support | Long filename support | Package management | Update management | APIs | Safe Mode | Data Execution Prevention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows NT 3.1 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | N/A | No | Yes | No | ? | Yes (NTFS and HPFS volumes only) | N/A | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | |
| Windows NT 3.5 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | N/A | No | Yes | No | ? | Yes (except on CDFS volumes) | N/A | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | |
| Windows NT 3.51 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | N/A | No | Yes | No | ? | Yes (except on CDFS volumes) | N/A | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | |
| Windows NT 4.0 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | N/A | No | Yes | Yes (if the Ion USB update is installed) | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update (if Internet Explorer 5 or later is installed) | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No |
| Windows 2000 | IA-32 | N/A | No | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP4)[3] | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | Yes | No |
| Windows XP | IA-32, Itanium, x64 | N/A | Yes | Yes (Professional Edition only) | Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP1+)[4] | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes (in SP2) |
| Windows Server 2003 | IA-32, Itanium, x64 | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0)[5] | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32 | Yes | Yes (in SP1) |
| Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | IA-32 | N/A | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32 | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Vista | IA-32, x64 | Windows Marketplace | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET, POSIX (only Enterprise and Ultimate) | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Server 2008 | IA-32, Itanium, x64 | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32 | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Home Server | IA-32 | N/A | ? | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0) | ? | Yes | N/A | Windows Update | Win32 | ? | ? |
| Windows 7 | IA-32, x64 | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 | Itanium, x64 | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | N/A | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Home Server 2011 | x64 | N/A | ? | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0) | ? | Yes | N/A | Windows Update | Win32 | ? | ? |
| Windows Server 2012 | x64 | Windows Store | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Store | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes |
| Windows 8 | IA-32, x64 | Windows Store | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Store | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes |
| Windows 8.1 | IA-32, x64 | Windows Store | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Store, PowerShell | Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Server 2012 R2 | x64 | Windows Store | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Store | Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes |
| Windows 10 | IA-32, x64 | Windows Store | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Store, PowerShell | Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Server 2016 | x64 | Windows Store | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Store | Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes |
Windows Phone
| Name | Architecture | Integrated firewall | SMP support | USB support | UDMA support | Package management | APIs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows Phone 8 | ARMv7 | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Windows Phone Store | WinPRT |
| Windows Phone 8.1 | ARMv7 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Windows Phone Store | WinPRT |
| Windows 10 Mobile | ARMv7 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Windows Store | WinRT |
Supported file systems
Various versions of Windows support various file systems, including: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, HPFS, or NTFS, along with network file systems shared from other computers, and the ISO 9660 and UDF file systems used for CDs, DVDs, and other optical discs such as Blu-ray. Each file system is usually limited in application to certain media, for example CDs must use ISO 9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on. Windows Embedded CE 6.0, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Server 2008 onwards support exFAT, a file system more suitable for flash drives.
Windows 9x
| FAT12 | FAT16 | FAT32 | HPFS | ISO 9660 | NTFS | UDF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 95 | Yes | Yes | Yes (OSR2 or above) | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | No |
| Windows 98 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | Yes (1.5, read) |
| Windows Me | Yes | Yes | Yes | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | Yes (1.5, read) |
Windows NT
| FAT12 | FAT16 | FAT32 | HPFS | ISO 9660 | NTFS | UDF | ReFS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes v1.0/v1.1 | ? | No |
| Windows NT 4.0 | Yes | Yes | No | Partial | Yes | Yes v1.2 | ? | No |
| Windows 2000 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v3.0 | Yes | No |
| Windows XP | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v3.1 | Yes (2.01) | No |
| Windows Server 2003 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v3.1 | Yes | No |
| Windows Vista | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | No |
| Windows Server 2008 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes | No |
| Windows 7 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | No |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | No |
| Windows Server 2012 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | Yes |
| Windows 8 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | No |
| Windows 8.1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | Yes |
| Windows Server 2012 R2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | Yes |
| Windows 10 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | Yes |
| Windows Server 2016 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | Yes |
Windows Phone
| FAT12 | FAT16 | FAT32 | HPFS | ISO 9660 | NTFS | UDF (More Info) | ReFS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows Phone 8 | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes v5 | ? | No |
| Windows Phone 8.1 | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes v5 | ? | No |
| Windows 10 Mobile | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes v5 | ? | ? |
Hardware requirements
Installing Windows requires an internal or external optical drive. A keyboard and mouse are the recommended input devices, though some versions support a touchscreen. For operating systems prior to Vista, the drive must be capable of reading CD media, while in Windows Vista onwards, the drive must be DVD-compatible. The drive may be detached after installing Windows.
Windows 9x
| CPU | RAM | Free disk space | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 95 | 386 | 4 MB | 120 MB |
| Windows 98 | 486 DX2 66 MHz | 16 MB | 300 MB |
| Windows Me (Millennium Edition) | Pentium 150 MHz | 32 MB | 400 MB |
Windows NT
| Version | CPU | RAM | Free disk space | Video adapter and monitor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Recommended | ||||
| Windows NT 3.51 Workstation | 386, 25 MHz | 8 MB | ? | 90 MB | ? |
| Windows NT 4.0 Workstation | 486, 33 MHz | 12 MB | ? | 110 MB | ? |
| Windows 2000 Professional | 133 MHz | 32 MB | 128 MB | 650 MB | VGA (640 × 480) |
| Windows XP | 233 MHz | 64 MB | 128 MB | 1.5 GB | SVGA (800 × 600) For Aero (if applicable): 128 MB VRAM |
| Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | 500 MB | ||||
| Windows XP Professional x64 | 700 MHz Itanium[6] | 1 GB[6] | ? | 6 GB[6] | |
| Windows Server 2003 | 1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64) | 128 MB | 256 MB | ||
| Windows Vista | 800 MHz | 384 MB (Starter) 512 MB (others) |
2 GB | 15 GB (~6.5 GB for OS) | |
| Windows Server 2008 | 1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64) | 2 GB | 10 GB | ||
| Windows 7 | 1 GHz | 1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64) |
2 GB | 16 GB (~6.5 GB for OS) | |
| Windows Server 2012 | 1.4 GHz (x86-64) | 512 MB | 1 GB | 10 GB | |
| Windows 8 | 1 GHz | 1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64) |
4 GB | 20 GB (~6.5 GB for OS) |
1024 x 768 for Windows Store apps 1366 x 768 to snap apps |
| Windows 10 | 1 GHz or faster processor or SoC | 1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64) |
? GB | 16 GB (x86) 20 GB (x64) |
800x600 |
| Windows Server 2016 | |||||
Windows Phone
| Version | CPU | RAM | Free disk space | Video adapter and monitor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Recommended | ||||
| Windows Phone 7 | 0.8 GHz | 256 MB | N/A | 4 GB | WVGA (800 × 480) |
| Windows Phone 8 | 1 GHz | 512 MB | N/A | 8 GB | WVGA (800 × 480) |
| Windows Phone 8.1 | 1 GHz | 512 MB | N/A | 4 GB | WVGA (800 × 480) |
| Windows 10 Mobile | 1 GHz | 512 MB | 1 GB | 8 GB | WVGA (800 × 480) |
Physical memory limits
Maximum limits on physical memory (RAM) that Windows can address vary depending on both the Windows version and between IA-32 and x64 versions.[8][9]
Windows 9x
- Windows 95: 480 MB[10]
- Windows 98: 1 GB
- Windows Me: 1.5 GB
Windows NT
| Operating system | Limit on IA-32 | Limit on x64 |
|---|---|---|
| Windows NT 4.0 | 4 GB | N/A |
| Windows 2000 Professional/Server | 4 GB | N/A |
| Windows 2000 Advanced Server | 8 GB | N/A |
| Windows 2000 Datacenter | 32 GB | N/A |
| Windows XP Starter | 512 MB | N/A |
| Windows XP Home | 4 GB | N/A |
| Windows XP Professional | 4 GB | 128 GB |
| Windows Server 2003 RTM Web | 2 GB | N/A |
| Windows Server 2003 RTM Standard/Small Business | 4 GB | N/A |
| Windows Server 2003 RTM Enterprise/Datacenter | 64 GB | N/A |
| Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Standard | 4 GB | 32 GB |
| Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter | 64 GB | 1 TB |
| Windows Vista Starter | 1 GB | N/A |
| Windows Vista Home Basic | 4 GB | 8 GB |
| Windows Vista Home Premium | 4 GB | 16 GB |
| Windows Vista Business/Enterprise/Ultimate | 4 GB | 128 GB |
| Windows Home Server | 4 GB | N/A |
| Windows Server 2008 Web Server/Standard/Small Business | 4 GB | 32 GB |
| Windows HPC Server 2008 | N/A | 128 GB |
| Windows Server 2008 Enterprise/Datacenter | 64 GB | 1 TB |
| Windows 7 Starter | 2 GB | N/A |
| Windows 7 Home Basic | 4 GB | 8 GB |
| Windows 7 Home Premium | 4 GB | 16 GB |
| Windows 7 Professional/Enterprise/Ultimate | 4 GB | 192 GB |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation | N/A | 8 GB |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Server/Standard | N/A | 32 GB |
| Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 | N/A | 128 GB |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise/Datacenter | N/A | 2 TB |
| Windows 8 | 4 GB | 128 GB |
| Windows 8 Pro/Enterprise | 4 GB | 512 GB |
| Windows Server 2012 Foundation | N/A | 32 GB |
| Windows Server 2012 Essentials | N/A | 64 GB |
| Windows Server 2012 Standard/Datacenter | N/A | 4 TB |
| Windows Storage Server 2012 Standard | N/A | 4 TB |
| Windows Storage Server 2012 Workgroup | N/A | 32 GB |
Security features
| Resource access control | Subsystem isolation mechanisms | Integrated firewall | Encrypted file systems | Defender | Windows Hello | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 2000 | ACLs | TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes (NTFS only) | No | No | |
| Windows XP | ACLs | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall (from SP2), TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes (NTFS only) | Optional | No |
| Windows Server 2003 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Optional | No |
| Windows Vista | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | No |
| Windows Server 2008 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | No |
| Windows 7 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | No |
| Windows Server 2012 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | No |
| Windows 8 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | No |
| Windows Server 2012 R2 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | No |
| Windows 8.1 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | No |
| Windows 10 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Server 2016 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Yes | ? |
Features
| Version | Shell | Visual styles | Browser | Web server | Windows Media Player | Command-line interpreter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 1.0 | MS-DOS executive | (Unnamed) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Windows 2.0 | MS-DOS executive | (Unnamed) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Windows 3.0 | Program Manager | (Unnamed) | N/A | N/A | 3.0 (Multimedia Extension edition only) | N/A |
| Windows 3.1x | Program Manager | (Unnamed) | N/A | N/A | 3.1 | N/A |
| Windows 95 | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 2 in OSR1 Internet Explorer 3 in OSR2 and OSR2.1 Internet Explorer 4 in OSR2.5 |
N/A | 4.0 | COMMAND.COM |
| Windows NT 4.0 | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 2 | PWS | 4.0 | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE |
| Windows 98 | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 4.01 | PWS | 4.0 | COMMAND.COM |
| Windows 98 SE | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 5 | PWS | 4.0 | COMMAND.COM |
| Windows 2000 | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 5.01 | IIS 5.0 | 5.0 and 6.4 (side by side) | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE |
| Windows Me | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 5.5 | N/A | 6.4 and 7.0 (side by side) | COMMAND.COM |
| Windows XP | Windows shell | Luna (default), Classic | Internet Explorer 6 | IIS 5.1 | 5.1, 6.4 and 8 (in RTM) 5.1, 6.4 and 9 (in SP1) |
COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell (optional) |
| Windows Server 2003 | Windows shell | Classic (default), Luna | 6.0 | IIS 6.0 | Internet Explorer 9 | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell (optional) |
| Windows Vista | Windows shell | Aero (default), Classic | Internet Explorer 7 | IIS 7 | 11 | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell (optional) |
| Windows Server 2008 | Windows shell, Server Core | Classic (default), Aero (via "Desktop Experience") | Internet Explorer 7 | IIS 7 | 11 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell (optional) |
| Windows 7 | Windows shell | Aero (default), Classic | Internet Explorer 8 | IIS 7.5 | 12 | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell v2.0 |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 | Windows shell, Server Core | Classic (default), Aero (via "Desktop Experience") | Internet Explorer 8 | IIS 7.5 | 12 (via "Desktop Experience") | CMD.EXE, PowerShell v2.0 |
| Windows Server 2012 | Windows shell, Server Core | Metro-inspired | Internet Explorer 10 | IIS 8 | 12 (via "Desktop Experience") | CMD.EXE, PowerShell v3.0 |
| Windows 8 | Windows shell | Metro-inspired | Internet Explorer 10 | IIS 8 | 12 | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell v3.0 |
| Windows Server 2012 R2 | Windows shell, Windows server core | Metro-inspired | Internet Explorer 11 | IIS 8.5 | 12 (via "Desktop Experience") | CMD.EXE, PowerShell v4.0 |
| Windows 8.1 | Windows shell | Metro-inspired | Internet Explorer 11 | IIS 8.5 | 12 | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell v4.0 |
| Windows 10 | Windows shell | Microsoft Design Language 2 | Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge 12-13 |
IIS 10.0 | 12 | COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell v5.0 |
| Windows Server 2016 | Windows shell, Windows server core | Microsoft Design Language 2 | Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge 13 |
IIS 10.0 | 12 (via "Desktop Experience") | CMD.EXE, PowerShell v5.0 |
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of Microsoft Windows
See also
Other lists
- List of Microsoft Windows versions
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of operating systems
- Comparison of kernels
- Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP
- History of Microsoft Windows
- Comparison of DOS operating systems
- Architecture of the Windows NT operating system line
- Microsoft codenames
Windows clones and emulators
- Freedows OS – Windows clone
- ReactOS – project to develop an operating system that is binary compatible with application software and device drivers for Microsoft Windows NT version 5.x
- Wine (software) – compatibility layer which allows to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows
References
- ↑ LeBlanc, Brandon (June 2, 2009). "The Date for General Availability (GA) of Windows 7 is...". The Windows Blog. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ↑ Availability of Universal Serial Bus Support in Windows 95 http://support.microsoft.com/kb/253756/EN-US
- ↑ "Updated USB 2.0 Drivers Are Available in Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 (SP4)". Microsoft Support. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ↑ Jones, Don (August 5, 2002). "USB 2.0 Support in Windows XP: High Speed at Last". Microsoft. Archived from the original on December 31, 2004. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ↑ "USB 2.0 and Windows Operating Systems". Windows Hardware Development. May 11, 2007. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Release Notes for Windows XP 64-Bit Edition Setup". Microsoft. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
- ↑ "Windows Vista Starter Fact Sheet". Microsoft. December 2007.
- ↑ "What is the maximum amount of RAM the Windows operating system can handle?". Crucial. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Memory Limits for Windows Releases". Microsoft. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ↑ Chen, Raymond. "Windows 95 doesn't boot with more than 1GB of RAM".
External links
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Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Basic Computing Using Windows |
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