Conductor-discriminant formula

In mathematics, the conductor-discriminant formula or Führerdiskriminantenproduktformel, introduced by Hasse (1926, 1930) for abelian extensions and by Artin (1931) for Galois extensions, is a formula calculating the relative discriminant of a finite Galois extension $L/K$ of local or global fields from the Artin conductors of the irreducible characters $\mathrm{Irr}(G)$ of the Galois group $G = G(L/K)$.

Statement

Let $L/K$ be a finite Galois extension of global fields with Galois group $G$. Then the discriminant equals

$\mathfrak{d}_{L/K} = \prod_{\chi \in \mathrm{Irr}(G)}\mathfrak{f}(\chi)^{\chi(1)},$

where $\mathfrak{f}(\chi)$ equals the global Artin conductor of $\chi$.^[1]

Example

Let $L = \mathbf{Q}(\zeta_{p^n})/\mathbf{Q}$ be a cyclotomic extension of the rationals. The Galois group $G$ equals $(\mathbf{Z}/p^n)^\times$. Because $(p)$ is the only finite prime ramified, the global Artin conductor $\mathfrak{f}(\chi)$ equals the local one $\mathfrak{f}_{(p)}(\chi)$. Because $G$ is abelian, every non-trivial irreducible character $\chi$ is of degree $1 = \chi(1)$. Then, the local Artin conductor of $\chi$ equals the conductor of the $\mathfrak{p}$-adic completion of $L^\chi = L^{\mathrm{ker}(\chi)}/\mathbf{Q}$, i.e. $(p)^{n_p}$, where $n_p$ is the smallest natural number such that $U_{\mathbf{Q}_p}^{(n_p)} \subseteq N_{L^\chi_\mathfrak{p}/\mathbf{Q}_p}(U_{L^\chi_\mathfrak{p}})$. If $p > 2$, the Galois group $G(L_\mathfrak{p}/\mathbf{Q}_p) = G(L/\mathbf{Q}_p) = (\mathbf{Z}/p^n)^\times$ is cyclic of order $\varphi(p^n)$, and by local class field theory and using that $U_{\mathbf{Q}_p}/U^{(k)}_{\mathbf{Q}_p} = (\mathbf{Z}/p^k)^\times$ one sees easily that $\mathfrak{f}_{(p)}(\chi) = (p^{\varphi(p^n)(n - 1/(p-1))})$: the exponent is

$\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}(\varphi(p^n) - \varphi(p^i)) = n\varphi(p^n) - 1 - (p-1)\sum_{i=0}^{n-2}p^i = n\varphi(p^n) - p^{n-1}.$

Notes

1. Neukirch 1999, VII.11.9.

References

• Artin, Emil (1931), "Die gruppentheoretische Struktur der Diskriminanten algebraischer Zahlkörper.", Journal für Reine und Angewandte Mathematik (in German) 164: 1–11, doi:10.1515/crll.1931.164.1, ISSN 0075-4102, Zbl 0001.00801
• Hasse, H. (1926), "Bericht über neuere Untersuchungen und Probleme aus der Theorie der algebraischen Zahlkörper. I: Klassenkörpertheorie.", Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung (in German) 35: 1–55
• Hasse, H. (1930), "Führer, Diskriminante und Verzweigungskörper relativ-Abelscher Zahlkörper.", Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (in German) 162: 169–184, doi:10.1515/crll.1930.162.169, ISSN 0075-4102
• Neukirch, Jürgen (1999), Algebraic Number Theory, Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften 322, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-65399-8, Zbl 0956.11021, MR 1697859