Confederate States Department of the Navy

Confederate States Department of the Navy

Seal of the Department of the Navy of the Confederate States of America
Agency overview
Formed February 21, 1861
  • (etc.)
Dissolved May 20, 1865
Jurisdiction Confederate States of America
Headquarters Richmond, Virginia
Agency executive

The Department of the Navy was the Confederate Civil Service department responsible for the administration of the affairs of the Confederate Navy and Confederate Marine Corps.[1] It was officially established on February 21, 1861.[1]

History

The Department of the Navy was established by an act of the Provisional Confederate Congress in Montgomery, Alabama which passed into law on February 20, 1861. This act also established the position of Secretary of the Navy which was according to the act authorized to handle all affairs related to the navies of the Confederacy.

On May 9, 1862, Secretary Mallory issued orders to James D. Bulloch instructing him to proceed to London, England to act as the Confederacy's agent in securing six new vessels, armaments, and supplies for the nascent Confederate Navy. These orders granted Bulloch a wide berth of discretion in the selection of these ships, but specified that these ships must be suitable for the commerce raiding. Furthermore, the orders specified that at least one Armstrong breech-loading rifled cannon be acquired for each vessel.[2]

Interestingly enough an amendment to this act passed on May 21, 1861 granted the Department of the Navy the power to grant patents concerning armed vessels, floating batteries, or other defenses.

Organization

Key Personnel

Office of the Secretary

Key positions of the Department of the Navy included:[3]

John L. Porter (April 30, 1863 - April 1865)[4]
William P. Williamson (April 21, 1862-April 1865)[4]
John Taylor Wood (1863 - May 1865)[4]
James S. Jones[4]

Naval Agents in Europe

Offices and Bureaus

Important Bureaus and Offices of Department of the Navy included:[5]

Office of Special Service

The Office of Special Service was responsible for the construction of wooden gunboats.[5]

Bureau of Orders and Details

The Bureau of Orders and Details was responsible for the administration of personnel affairs of the Navy. This included the postings of officers and crews to ships, recruitment for the Navy, and the determination of promotions.[5]

Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography

[5] The Bureau was led by Commander John M. Brooke from 1863 to the Civil War's conclusion.

Torpedo Bureau

The Confederate Torpedo Bureau was NOT part of the Navy Department. It was part of the War Department; i.e., the army. The Submarine Battery Service comprised the navy's torpedo specialists. It was created 31 October 1862 and originally commanded by Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury. The Submarine Battery Service primarily utilized electrically-detonated torpedoes to protect the South's waterways.

Office of Provisions and Clothing

The Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, later the Office of Provisions and Clothing, was charged with supplying ships with food and clothing.[5]

Office of Medicine and Surgery

The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery was responsible for the operation of several medical facilities in Southern ports. This department was managed by William A. W. Spotswood throughout its entire extistence from April 10, 1861 to April 1865.[5]

Confederate Marine Corps

The Confederate Marine Corps was established by an act of the Provisional Congress on March 16, 1861.[6] As originally legislated the Confederate Marine Corps was to be a battalion-sized force of six companies and a headquarters element led by a major.[6] The Corps was later expanded into a regiment following an act of the Provisional Congress on May 20, 1861; this was spurred on by the succession of Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The newly expanded legion was authorized to consist of 1,000 men.[6] The first Commandant of the Corps was Colonel Llyod J. Beall who was appointed to that capacity on May 23. On June 1, 1861 the Virginia Marine Corps was incorporated into the Confederate Marine Corps.[6] In 1862, the First Confederate Congress appropriated a budget of $243,322 (CSA) for the operation of the Confederate Marine Corps.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Wagner, Margaret E. , Gallager, Gary W., and Finkleman, Paul ., ed. (2002). "Organization of Union and Confederate Navies". Library of Congress Civil War Desk Reference 1 (1st ed.). Easton. p. 540.
  2. ↑ http://www.csnavy.org/mallory,apr61.htm
  3. ↑ Wagner, Margaret E. , Gallager, Gary W., and Finkleman, Paul ., ed. (2002). "Organization of Union and Confederate Navies". Library of Congress Civil War Desk Reference 1 (1st ed.). Norwalk: Easton. pp. 540–542.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Eicher, John H. (2001). Civil War High Commands. Stanford University Press. pp. 83–87. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wagner, Margaret E. , Gallager, Gary W., and Finkleman, Paul ., ed. (2002). "Organization and Staff". Library of Congress Civil War Desk Reference 1 (1st ed.). Norwalk: Easton. pp. 540–542.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Field, Ron (2004). American Civil War Marines 1861 - 1865. Oxford, England: Osprey. p. 32. ISBN 1-84176-768-9.
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