Contents of the Voyager Golden Record

A copy of the record on display at the Udvar-Hazy Center in Washington Dulles International Airport

The Voyager Golden Record contains 115 images plus a calibration image and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, and thunder, and animal sounds, including the songs of birds and whales. The record additionally features musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings in fifty-nine languages,^[1][2] and printed messages from President Jimmy Carter and U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim. The items were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.

After NASA had received criticism over the nudity on the Pioneer plaque (line drawings of a naked man and woman), the agency chose not to allow Sagan and his colleagues to include a photograph of a nude man and woman on the record. Instead, only a silhouette of the couple was included.^[3]

Here is an excerpt of President Carter's official statement placed on the Voyager spacecraft for its trip outside the Solar System, June 16, 1977:

We cast this message into the cosmos ... Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, some – perhaps many – may have inhabited planets and space faring civilizations. If one such civilization intercepts Voyager and can understand these recorded contents, here is our message: This is a present from a small distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts, and our feelings. We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope some day, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination and our goodwill in a vast and awesome universe.^[4]

Greetings

The first audio section contains a spoken greeting in English from then-Secretary General of the UN, Kurt Waldheim.

The second audio section ("Greetings in 55 Languages") contains spoken greetings in 55 languages,^[5] including four Chinese varieties (marked with **), 12 South Asian languages (marked #) and five ancient languages (marked §), listed here in alphabetical order:

Akkadian§ Ancient Greek§ Amoy** Arabic (Modern Standard) Aramaic Armenian[6] Bengali# Burmese Cantonese** Czech Dutch

English French Ganda German Gujarati# Hebrew Hindi# Hittite§ Hungarian Ila (Zambia) Indonesian Italian

Japanese Kannada# Korean Latin§ Mandarin** Marathi# Nepali# Nguni Nyanja Oriya#

Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi# Quechua Rajasthani# Romanian Russian Serbian Sinhalese# Sotho

Spanish Sumerian§ Swedish Telugu# Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu# Vietnamese Welsh Wu (Shanghai)**

Later audio sections contain the spoken greetings in the remaining four languages, including Esperanto and !Kung. The whale sounds were provided by Roger Payne.^[7]

This is a list of the recorded greetings in order of appearance on their respective tracks.^[8]

Track	Time	Language	Speaker[9][10]	Original	English translation
2	0:00:00	Sumerian	David L. Owen	𒁲𒈠𒃶𒈨𒂗 silim-ma hé-me-en	May all be well
2	0:00:04	Ancient Greek	Frederick M. Ahl	Οἵτινές ποτ'ἔστε χαίρετε! Εἰρηνικῶς πρὸς φίλους ἐληλύθαμεν φίλοι.	Greetings to you, whoever you are. We come in friendship to those who are friends.[n 1]
2	0:00:11	Portuguese	Janet Sternberg	Paz e felicidade a todos	Peace and happiness to everyone
2	0:00:14	Cantonese	Stella Fessler	各位好嗎？祝各位平安健康快樂。 Gok^3 wai^2 hou^2 maa^1? Zuk^1 gok^3 wai^2 ping^4 on^1 gin^6 hong^1 faai^3 lok^6.	How's everyone? Wish you peace, health and happiness
2	0:00:19	Akkadian	David L. Owen	Adaniš lušumu	May all be very well
2	0:00:22	Russian	Maria Rubinova	Здравствуйте! Приветствую Вас!	Greetings! I Welcome You!
2	0:00:25	Thai	Ruchira Mendiones	สวัสดีค่ะ สหายในธรณีโพ้น พวกเราในธรณีนี้ขอส่งมิตรจิตมาถึงท่านทุกคน	Hello friends from farland. We in this land have sent you warm greeting to you all
2	0:00:32	Arabic	Amahl Shakh	.تحياتنا للأصدقاء في النجوم. يا ليت يجمعنا الزمان Taḥiyyātunā lil-'aṣdiqā' fil-nujūm. Yā laytā yajma`unā al-zamān.	Greetings to our friends in the stars. May time bring us together
2	0:00:38	Romanian	Sanda Huffman	Salutări la toată lumea	Regards to everyone
2	0:00:42	French	Alexandra Littauer	Bonjour tout le monde	Hello to everyone
2	0:00:45	Burmese	Maung Myo Lwin	နေကောင်းပါသလား [nè káʊɴ bà ðəlá]	Are you well
2	0:00:48	Hebrew	David L. Owen	שלום Shalom	Hello (literally "peace")
2	0:00:50	Spanish	Erik J. Beukenjamp	Hola y saludos a todos	Hello and greetings to everyone
2	0:00:54	Indonesian	Ilyas Harun	Selamat malam hadirin sekalian, selamat berpisah dan sampai bertemu lagi dilain waktu	Good night, ladies and gentlemen. Goodbye and see you next time
2	0:00:59	Kechua (Quechua)	Fredy Amikcar, Roncalla Fermandez	Kay pachamamta niytapas maytapas rimapallasta runasimipi	Hello to everybody from this Earth, in Kechua language
2	0:01:04	Punjabi	Jatinder N. Paul		Welcome home. It is a pleasure to receive you
2	0:01:07	Hittite	David L. Owen		Hail
2	0:01:08	Bengali	Subrata Mukherjee	নমস্কার, বিশ্বের শান্তি হোক	Hello! Let there be peace everywhere
2	0:01:11	Latin	Frederick M. Ahl	Salvete quicumque estis; bonam erga vos voluntatem habemus, et pacem per astra ferimus	Greetings to you, whoever you are; we have good will towards you and bring peace across space
2	0:01:19	Aramaic	David L. Owen	𐡌𐡋𐡔 or שלם or ܫܠܡ Šəlām	Hello (literally "peace")
2	0:01:22	Dutch	Joan de Boer	Hartelijke groeten aan iedereen	Dear/sincere greetings to everyone
2	0:01:24	German	Renate Born	Herzliche Grüße an alle	Warm greetings to everyone
2	0:01:27	Urdu	Salma Alzal	اسلام و عليکم ـ ہم زمين کے رہنے والوں کى طرف سے آپ کو خوش آمديد کہتے ھيں Assalamu alaikum. Hum zameen ke rahte waanoon ki taraf se aap ko khush-aamdeed kahte hai.	Peace on you. We the inhabitants of this earth send our greetings to you
2	0:01:37	Vietnamese	Tran Trong Hai	Chân thành gửi tới các bạn lời chào thân hữu	Sincere greetings to you
2	0:01:40	Turkish	Peter Ian Kuniholm	Sayın Türkçe bilen arkadaşlarımız, sabah şerifleriniz hayrolsun	Dear Turkish-speaking friends, may the honors of the morning be upon your heads
2	0:01:45	Japanese	Mari Noda	こんにちは。お元気ですか？ Konnichiwa. O genki desu ka?	Hello. How are you?
2	0:01:48	Hindi	Omar Alzal	धरती के वासियों की ओर से नमस्कार Dharani ke waasiyon ki or se namaskar	Greetings from the inhabitants of this world
2	0:01:51	Welsh	Frederick M. Ahl [11]	Iechyd da i chwi yn awr, ac yn oesoedd	Good health to you now and forever
2	0:01:54	Italian	Debby Grossvogel	Tanti auguri e saluti	Many greetings and wishes
2	0:01:57	Sinhalese	Kamal de Abrew	ආයුබෝවන්! Ayubowan!	Wish You a Long Life.
2	0:02:00	Nguni (Zulu)	Fred Dube		We greet you, great ones. We wish you longevity
2	0:02:05	Sotho (Sesotho)	Fred Dube		We greet you, O great ones
2	0:02:08	Wu	Yvonne Meinwald	祝㑚大家好。(Tsoh^3 na^13 da^11 ka^53 hoa^34)	Best wishes to you all
2	0:02:12	Armenian[6]	Araxy Terzian	Բոլոր անոնց որ կը գտնուին տիեզերգի միգամածութիւնէն անդին, ողջոյններ[12]	To all those who exist in the universe, greetings
2	0:02:19	Korean	Soon Hee Shin	안녕하세요	Please be well.
2	0:02:22	Polish	Maria Nowakowska-Stykos	Witajcie, istoty z zaświatów.	Welcome, beings from beyond the world.
2	0:02:25	Nepali	Durga Prashad Ojha	प्रिथ्वी वासीहरु बाट शान्ति मय भविष्य को शुभकामना	Wishing you a peaceful future from the earthlings
2	0:02:29	Mandarin Chinese	Liang Ku	各位都好吧？我们都很想念你们，有空请到这来玩。	How's everyone? We all very much wish to meet you, if you're free please come and visit
2	0:02:35	Ila (Zambia)	Saul Moobola		We wish all of you well
2	0:02:38	Swedish	Gunnel Almgren Schaar	Hälsningar från en dataprogrammerare i den lilla universitetsstaden Ithaca på planeten Jorden	Greetings from a computer programmer in the small university town of Ithaca on (the) planet Earth
2	0:02:45	Nyanja	Saul Moobola		How are all you people of other planets?
2	0:02:48	Gujarati	Radhekeant Dave		Greetings from a human being of the Earth. Please contact
2	0:03:03	Ukrainian	Andrew Cebelsky	Пересилаємо привіт із нашого світу, бажаємо щастя, здоров'я і многая літа	We are sending greetings from our world, wishing you happiness, goodness, good health and many years
2	0:03:09	Persian	Eshagh Samehyeh	درود بر ساکنین ماورای آسمان‌ها	Greetings to the residents of far skies
2	0:03:22	Serbian	Milan M. Smiljanić	Желимо вам све најлепше са наше планете	We wish you all the best, from our planet
2	0:03:25	Oriya	Raghaba Prasada Sahu		Greetings to the inhabitants of the universe from the third planet Earth of the star Sun
2	0:03:34	Ganda (Luanda)	Elijah Mwima-Mudeenya		Greetings to all peoples of the universe. God give you peace always
2	0:03:38	Marathi	Arati Pandit	नमस्कार. ह्या पृथ्वीतील लोक तुम्हाला त्यांचे शुभविचार पाठवतात आणि त्यांची इच्छा आहे की तुम्ही ह्या जन्मी धन्य व्हा.	Greetings. The people of the Earth send their good wishes and hope you find good fortune in this life.
2	0:03:47	Amoy (Min dialect)	Margaret Sook Ching See Gebauer	太空朋友，恁好！恁食飽未？有閒著來阮遮坐喔。 (Thài-khong pêng-iú, lín-hó. Lín chia̍h-pá--bē? Ū-êng, to̍h lâi gún chia chē--ô͘! )	Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time
2	0:03:55	Hungarian (Magyar)	Elizabeth Bilson	Üdvözletet küldünk magyar nyelven minden békét szerető lénynek a Világegyetemen	We are sending greetings in the Hungarian language to all peace-loving beings on the Universe
2	0:04:01	Telugu	Prasad Kodukula	నమస్తే, తెలుగు మాట్లాడే జనముననించి మా శుభాకాంక్షలు.	Greetings. Best wishes from Telugu-speaking people
2	0:04:05	Czech	V. O. Kostroun	Milí přátelé, přejeme vám vše nejlepší	Dear Friends, we wish you the best
2	0:04:08	Kannada (Kanarese)	Shrinivasa K. Upadhaya	ನಮಸ್ತೆ, ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ ಪರವಾಗಿ ಶುಭಾಷಯಗಳು.	Greetings. On behalf of Kannada-speaking people, 'good wishes'
2	0:04:12	Rajasthani	Mool C. Gupta		Hello to everyone. We are happy here and you be happy there
2	0:04:18	English	Nick Sagan	Hello from the children of planet Earth	Hello from the children of planet Earth
3	0:02:16	Esperanto	Ralph Harry	Ni strebas vivi en paco kun la popoloj de la tuta mondo, de la tuta kosmo.	We strive to live in peace with the peoples of the whole world, of the whole cosmos.
4	0:06:25	!Kung, a San-language	Richard Borshay Lee

Sounds

The next audio section is devoted to the "sounds of Earth" that include:^[13]

"Music of the Spheres" – Johannes Kepler's "Harmonices Mundi" realized by Laurie Spiegel Volcanoes, Earthquake, Thunder Mud Pots Wind, Rain, Surf Crickets, Frogs Birds, Hyena, Elephant, Whale Chimpanzee Wind Wild Dog Footsteps, Heartbeat, Laughter The First Tools

Tame Dog Herding Sheep, Blacksmith, Sawing Tractor, Riveter Morse Code, Ships (precisely, a ship's horn) Horse and Cart Train Tractor, Bus, Auto F-111 Flyby, Saturn V Lift-off Kiss, Mother and Child Life Signs, Pulsar

Included within the Sounds of Earth audio portion of the Golden Record is a track containing the inspirational message per aspera ad astra in Morse Code. Translated from Latin, it means, through hardships to the stars.

Music

Following the section on the sounds of Earth, there is an eclectic 90-minute selection of music from many cultures, including Eastern and Western classics. The selections include:

Country	Piece	Author	Performer(s)	Recorded or collected by	Genre of music	Length
Germany	Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F, First Movement	J. S. Bach	Munich Bach Orchestra conducted by Karl Richter		Baroque chamber music	4:40
Indonesia	"Puspawarna" ("Kinds of Flowers")	Mangkunegara IV	Court gamelan of Pura Paku Alaman directed by K.R.T. Wasitodipuro	Robert E. Brown	Gamelan	4:43
Senegal	Senegalese percussion			Charles Duvelle	Percussion	2:08
Zaire	Pygmy girls' initiation song			Colin Turnbull		0:56
Australia	"Morning Star" and "Devil Bird"			Sandra LeBrun Holmes	Aboriginal songs	1:26
Mexico	"El Cascabel"	Lorenzo Barcelata	Antonio Maciel y Las Aguilillas with El Mariachi México de Pepe Villa		Mariachi	3:14
United States	"Johnny B. Goode"	Chuck Berry	Chuck Berry		Rock and roll	2:03
New Guinea	Men's house song			Robert MacLennan		1:20
Japan	"Tsuru No Sugomori" 《鶴の巣籠り》 ("Crane's Nest")		Gorō Yamaguchi 山口 五郎		Honkyoku 本曲	4:51
Germany	"Gavotte en rondeau" from the Partita No. 3 in E major for Violin	J. S Bach	Arthur Grumiaux	Baroque solo	Violin	2:55
Austria	Die Zauberflöte, Queen of the Night aria No. 14 "Der Hölle Rache kocht in meinem Herzen"	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Edda Moser (soprano) from the Bavarian State Opera, conducted by Wolfgang Sawallisch		Classical opera	2:55
Georgia	"ჩაკრულო" ("Tchakrulo")	Traditional	Georgian State Ensemble, directed by Anzor Kavsadze; soloists Ilia Zakaidze, Rostom Saginashvili[14][15]	Radio Moscow	Choral folk music	2:18
Peru	Panpipes and drums	Traditional		Casa de la Cultura, Lima	Panpipes and drum	0:52
United States	"Melancholy Blues"	Marty Bloom, Walter Melrose	Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven		Jazz	3:05
Azerbaijan	"Mugam"	Traditional	Kamil Jalilov	Radio Moscow	Balaban	2:30
Russia/France/United States	The Rite of Spring, Sacrificial Dance	Stravinsky	Columbia Symphony Orchestra conducted by Igor Stravinsky		Modernist classical ballet	4:35
Canada/Germany	The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 2, Prelude and Fugue No.1 in C major	J.S. Bach	Glenn Gould	Kevin Doyle	Baroque keyboard music	4:48
Germany	Symphony No 5, First Movement	Beethoven	Philharmonia Orchestra conducted by Otto Klemperer		Romantic symphony	7:20
Bulgaria	"Излел е Делю хайдутин" ("Izlel je Delyo Hajdutin")		Valya Balkanska	Ethel Rain and Martin Koenig	Bulgarian folk	4:59
United States	Night Chant	Navajo Tribe		Willard Rhodes	Navajo chanting	0:57
United Kingdom	"The Faerie Round" from Pavans, Galliards, Almains and Other Short Aeirs	Anthony Holborne	David Munrow and the Early Music Consort of London		English consort music	1:17
Solomon Islands				Solomon Islands Broadcasting Service	Panpipes	1:12
Peru	Wedding song			John Cohen		0:38
China	"Liu Shui" 《流水》 ("Flowing Streams")	Bo Ya	Kuan P'ing-hu (Guan Pinghu 管平湖)		Guqin 古琴	7:37
India	"Jaat Kahan Ho"		Kesarbai Kerkar		Raga Bhairavi	3:30
United States	"Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground"	Blind Willie Johnson	Blind Willie Johnson		Gospel blues	3:15
Germany	Cavatina from the String Quartet No. 13 in B flat, Opus 130	Beethoven	Budapest String Quartet		Romantic String Quartet	6:37

Sagan had originally asked for permission to include "Here Comes the Sun" from the Beatles' album Abbey Road. While the Beatles favoured it, EMI opposed it and the song was not included.^[16]

Brainwaves

The Golden Record also carried an hour long recording of the brainwaves of Ann Druyan, who would later marry Carl Sagan. In the Epilogue of the book Billions and Billions, she describes the experience:

Earlier I had asked Carl if those putative extraterrestrials of a billion years from now could conceivably interpret the brain waves of a meditator. Who knows? A billion years is a long, long time, was his reply. On the chance that it might be possible why don't we give it a try?

Two days after our life-changing phone call, I entered a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital in New York City and was hooked up to a computer that turned all the data from my brain and heart into sound. I had a one-hour mental itinerary of the information I wished to convey. I began by thinking about the history of Earth and the life it sustains. To the best of my abilities I tried to think something of the history of ideas and human social organization. I thought about the predicament that our civilization finds itself in and about the violence and poverty that make this planet a hell for so many of its inhabitants. Toward the end I permitted myself a personal statement of what it was like to fall in love.^[17]

On February 12, 2010, an interview with Ann Druyan was aired on National Public Radio (NPR) during which the above was explained in more detail.^[18]

Images

Along with the audio, the record contains a collection of 116 pictures (one of which is for calibration) detailing but not limited to human life on earth and the planet itself. Many pictures are annotated with one or many indications of scales of time, size or mass. Some images also contain indications of chemical composition. All measures used on the pictures are first defined in the first few images using physical references.

Following is a list of all the images contained in the Voyager Golden Record together with, when copyright permits, the actual image, a description of the nature of the image and what annotations were included in them.^[19]

Position	Thumbnail	Description	Type	Annotations
1		Calibration circle	Black-and-white diagram
2		Solar location map	Black-and-white diagram
3		Mathematical definitions	Black-and-white text
4		Physical unit definitions	Black-and-white text
5		Solar system parameters	Black-and-white text
6		Solar system parameters	Black-and-white text
7		The Sun	Black-and-white image
8		Solar spectrum	Color image
9		Mercury	Black-and-white image
10		Mars	Black-and-white image	Size
11		Jupiter	Color image	Size
12		Earth	Color image	Size
13		Egypt, Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula and the Nile	Color image	Chemical composition
14		Chemical definitions	Color diagram	Size
15		DNA Structure	Color diagram	Size
16		DNA Structure magnified, light hit	Color diagram	Size
17		Cells and cell division	Black-and-white image	Size
18		Anatomy 1 (Skeleton front)	Color diagram
19		Anatomy 2 (Internal organs front)	Color diagram
20		Anatomy 3 (Skeleton and muscles back)	Color diagram
21		Anatomy 4 (Internal organs back)	Color diagram
22		Anatomy 5 (Ribcage)	Color diagram
23		Anatomy 6 (Muscles front)	Color diagram	Size
24		Anatomy 7 (Heart, lungs, kidneys and main blood vessels back)	Color diagram
25		Anatomy 8 (Heart, lungs, kidneys and main blood vessels front)	Color diagram
26		Human sex organs	Black-and-white diagram	Size
27		Diagram of conception	Black-and-white diagram	Size, time
28		Conception	Color image
29		Fertilized ovum	Black-and-white image	Time
30		Fetus diagram	Black-and-white diagram	Size, time
31		Fetus	Color image
32		Diagram of male and female	Black-and-white diagram	Size, time
33		Birth	Black-and-white image
34		Nursing mother	Color image
35		Father and daughter (Malaysia)	Color image
36		Group of children	Color image
37		Diagram of family ages	Black-and-white diagram	Mass, time
38		Family portrait	Black-and-white image
39		Diagram of continental drift	Black-and-white diagram	Time
40		Structure of the Earth	Black-and-white diagram	Size, chemical composition
41		Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef of Australia)	Color image
42		Seashore	Color image
43		Snake River and Grand Tetons	Black-and-white image
44		Sand dunes	Color image
45		Monument Valley	Color image
46		Forest scene with mushrooms	Color image
47		Leaf	Color image	Size
48		Autumn Fallen leaves	Color image
49		Snowflakes over Sequoia	Color image
50		Tree with daffodils	Color image	Size
51		Flying insect with flowers	Color image
52		Diagram of vertebrate evolution	Black-and-white diagram
53		Seashell (Xancidae)	Color image
54		Dolphins	Color image
55		School of fish	Color image
56		Tree toad	Color image
57		Crocodile	Color image
58		Eagle	Color image	Size
59		Waterhole	Color image
60		Jane Goodall and chimps	Color image
61		Sketch of bushmen	Black-and-white diagram	Size
62		Bushmen hunters	Black-and-white image
63		Man from Guatemala	Color image
64		Dancer from Bali	Color image
65		Andean girls	Color image
66		Thailand master craftsman	Color image
67		Elephant	Color image
68		Old man with beard and glasses (Turkey)	Color image
69		Old man with dog and flowers	Color image
70		Mountain climber	Color image
71		Gymnast	Color image	Time
72		Sprinters (Valeriy Borzov of the U.S.S.R. in lead)	Color image
73		Schoolroom	Color image
74		Children with globe	Color image
75		Cotton harvest	Color image
76		Grape picker	Color image
77		Supermarket	Color image
78		Underwater scene with diver and fish	Color image	Chemical composition
79		Fishing boat with nets	Color image
80		Cooking fish	Color image
81		Chinese dinner party	Color image
82		Demonstration of licking, eating and drinking	Color image
83		Great Wall of China	Color image
84		House construction (African)	Color image
85		Construction scene (Amish country)	Color image
86		House (Africa)	Color image
87		House (New England)	Color image
88		Modern house (Cloudcroft, New Mexico)	Color image
89		"House interior with artist and fire" (Photo by Jim Amos of Jim Gray & his wife)[20] [21]	Color image
90		Taj Mahal	Color image
91		English city (Oxford)	Color image
92		Boston	Color image
93		UN Building Day	Color image
94		UN Building Night	Color image
95		Sydney Opera House	Color image	Size
96		Artisan with drill	Black-and-white image
97		Factory interior	Color image
98		Museum	Color image
99		X-ray of hand	Color image
100		Woman with microscope	Color image
101		Street scene, Asia (Pakistan)	Color image
102		Rush hour traffic, Thailand	Color image
103		Modern highway (Ithaca, NY)	Color image
104		Golden Gate Bridge	Black-and-white image	Size
105		Train	Color image	Size
106		Airplane in flight	Color image
107		Airport (Toronto)	Black-and-white image
108		Antarctic Expedition	Color image
109		Radio telescope (Westerbork, Netherlands)	Black-and-white image
110		Radio telescope (Arecibo)	Color image	Size
111		Page of book (Newton, System of the World)	Color image
112		Astronaut in space	Color image
113		Titan Centaur launch	Color image
114		Sunset with birds	Color image
115		String Quartet (Quartetto Italiano)	Color image
116		Violin with music score (Cavatina)	Color image

See also

• Voyager Golden Record
• Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence
• Pioneer plaque
• Time capsule

Notes and references

Notes

1. Somewhat loose translation; per NASA.

References

1. Sagan, Carl (1994). Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 9780679438410.
2. "Traveller's Tales [Carl Sagan Tribute Series, S01E16]". Retrieved February 10, 2012.
3. Jon Lomberg: "Pictures of Earth". in Carl Sagan: Murmurs of Earth, 1978, New York, ISBN 0-679-74444-4
4. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=7890
5. "Greetings to the Universe in 55 Different Languages". NASA. Retrieved September 6, 2006.
6. "Voyager(Languages): Armenian". Retrieved August 24, 2011.
7. Gambino, Megan (April 23, 2012). "What Is on Voyager's Golden Record?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
8. "Voyager: Greetings in 55 languages". Retrieved March 14, 2011.
9. "The Voyager Interstellar Record – 3/31 UN Greetings Whale Greetings". Retrieved February 10, 2012.
10. Sagan, Carl (1978). Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record. ISBN 0345315367.
11. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BERgXvxCYAAJN3h.jpg:large
12. Sternberg, Janet (29 Apr 2013). "[Armenian Voyager Golden Record greetings by Araxy Terzian]". Twitter. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
13. "Voyager – Spacecraft – Golden Record – Sounds of Earth". NASA. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
14. Linich, Carl (19 March 2008). "Ilia Zakaidze". Georgian Folk Singing. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
15. "Voyager 1977 - Georgian folk song "Chakrulo" in space - "ჩაკრულო" კოსმოსში". Youtube (interview with Anzor Erkomaishvili and others) (in Georgian). Retrieved 9 October 2013.
16. Sagan, Carl et al. (1978) Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-41047-5 (hardcover), ISBN 0-345-28396-1 (paperback)
17. Sagan, Carl (1997). Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium. Random House. ISBN 0-679-41160-7.
18. Carl Sagan And Ann Druyan's Ultimate Mix Tape
19. "Greetings to the Universe in 55 Different Languages". NASA. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
20. "Great Smokies National Park: Solitude for Millions". National Geographic Society.
21. "House interior with artist and fire". NASA.

External links

• Official NASA JPL page about the Golden Record
• Multimedia showcase with the contents of the Golden Record
• Voyager Golden Record – all images, languages, and sounds – re-lab.net
• The Infinite Voyager : The Golden Record - built by Lily Bui from MIT
• Voyager 1 Audio on Internet Archive
• Official Nasa Soundcloud page with sounds from Golden Record