Controlled-release fertiliser

Isobutylidenediurea (IBDU) is typical controlled-release fertiliser owing to its low solubility.[1]

A controlled-release fertiliser (CRF) is a granulated fertiliser that releases nutrients gradually into the soil (i.e., with a controlled release period).[2] The slowness of the release is determined by the low solubility of the chemical compounds in the soil moisture. Since conventional fertilisers are soluble in water, the nutrients can disperse quickly as the fertiliser dissolves. Because controlled-release fertilisers are not water-soluble, their nutrients disperse into the soil more slowly. The fertiliser granules may have an insoluble substrate or a semi-permeable jacket that prevents dissolution while allowing nutrients to flow outward.

Definitions

The Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) has published the following general definitions (Official Publication 57):


Implementation

The fertiliser is administered either by topdressing the soil, or by mixing the fertiliser into the soil before sowing.

One of the advantages of CRF is reduced incidence of fertiliser burn. Other important advantages are economical benefits (labour savings) due to less applications and mostly less overall fertiliser amount. The results (yield) is in most cases improved by > 10%.

Manufacturers and distributors of slow- and controlled- release fertilizers

In North America, the leading producers and/or suppliers of slow- and controlled- release fertilizers are: Agrium Inc. (including Pursell Technologies Inc. and Nu-Gro Corp.), Georgia-Pacific, Growth Products, Helena Chemicals, Kugler Company, Lebanon Seaboard Corp., Lesco Inc, Tessenderlo Kerley and The Scotts Company.
The leading manufacturers and/or suppliers in Western Europe are: Ekompany Agro B.V. (The Netherlands), Aglukon (Germany), BASF (Germany), Compo (Germany), Scotts Europe (The Netherlands), Puccioni (Italy) and Sadepan Chimica (Italy).
In Israel the leading manufacturer and supplier is Haifa Chemicals.
The leading manufacturers and/or suppliers in Japan are: Central Union Fertilizer, Chissoasahi Fertilizer11, Co-op Chemical, Katakura Chikkarin, Mitsubishi Chemical, Sumitomo Chemical, Taki Chemical and Ube Agri-Materials.
In China, the leading manufacturers are: Hanfeng Evergreen, Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering and Shikefeng Chemical Industry. [3]

1. Urea reaction products/slow-release fertilizers
North America
Liquid Products
Georgia-Pacific Nitamin® 30L - UF Fertilizer
Tessenderlo Kerley Formolene-Plus® and several Trisert® - urea-triazone formulations
Helena Chemicals CoRoN® - UF Solution
Kugler Company KQ XRN 28-0-0 – UF solution
Growth Products Nitro-30 – UF solution 30-0-0
Granular Products
Agrium (former Nu-Gro) Nitroform® – UF formulation
Nutralene® – methylene urea
IB Nitrogen - IBDU
Western Europe
Aglukon Plantosan® - granular
Methylene-urea - Azolon® granular and Azolon® fluid
Methylene-urea - PlantoDur® - NPK fertilizer, N based on UF
BASF (producer)
Compo (distributor)
CDU (imported from Japan) - Triabon®- NPK fertilizer based on CDU
Floranid® - N-, NK- and NPK-fertilizers, N based on IBDU
Puccioni (Italy) Nutritop® - Nutritop® N, Smartfert® Top - NPK and NP fertilizers, based on UF
Sadepan Chimica (Italy) SirflorTM N38, based on UF
SazoleneTM - granular and liquid methylene-urea
China
Hanfeng Evergreen UF
Japan
Chissoasahi Fertilizer CDU nitrogen
‘UBER’ - controlled-mineralization CDU (called ‘Hyper CDU’ in Japan)
NPK fertilizer based on CDU
Mitsubishi Chemical IBDU nitrogen
‘Good-IB’ and ‘Super-IB’, based on IBDU
NPK fertilizer - based on IBDU
Sun Agro UF
NPK fertilizer based on UF
2. Coated/encapsulated controlled-release fertilizers
North America
Polymer-coated products
The Scotts Company Agroblen® - polymer-coated N, NK and NPK fertilizers
Osmocote® - polymer-coated NPK fertilizers
Agrium (former Pursell Technologies) ESN®
Duration® CR - clay-coated PCU
Polyon® PCU - polymer-coated urea
Polyon® coated potassium nitrate, MAP and NPK fertilizers
Sulphur-coated urea (SCU)
Agrium (Former Nu-Gro) SCU®
Polymer/sulphur-coated products
Agrium (former Pursell Technologies) TriKote® - several polymer, sulphur-coated fertilizer types
Western Europe and Israel
Polymer-coated products
Aglucon Plantacote® Polymer coated NPK fertilizers
Compo Basacote® - polymer-coated NPK fertilizers
Basatop® - partly polymer-coated N- and NPK-fertilizers
Ekompany Agro B.V. Ekote® Polymer fully and partly coated NPK, Urea, Phosphat, Potash, etc. fertilizers for arable crops, open field crops and fruit trees, ornamentals, tree nurseries and turf
Haifa Chemicals Multicote® - polymer-coated NPK-, NP- and NK- fertilizers
CoteNTM – polymer-coated urea
Mulitcote® Agri – coated NPK-fertilizers for open field crops and fruit trees
Multigreen® – controlled-release turf fertilizers
Multigro® – controlled-release fertilizer blends for agricul- ture and horticulture
China
Sulphur-coated products
Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Syncote®- sulphur-coated urea and NPK-fertilizers
Hanfeng Evergreen
Shikefeng Chemical
Polymer/sulphur-coated products
Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Syncote®- polymer/sulphur-coated urea
Polymer-coated products
Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Syncote® - polymer-coated NPK-fertilizers and urea
Japan
Sulphur-coated products
Sun-Agro S-Coat®- sulphur-coated NPK- fertilizers and urea
Polymer-coated products
Chissoasahi Fertilizer Meister®- polymer-coated urea (called ‘LP-cote’ in Japan)
Nutricote® - polymer-coated NPK fertilizer, magnesium sulphate or calcium nitrate
Pile Nutricote® - Nutricote® in paper pile
‘Naebako-makase’ - special Meister® for single basal application in nursery boxes of rice
‘Ikubyou-makase’ – special Nutricote®- for single basal application in nursery pots of horticultural crops
Mitsubishi Chemical M-coat® - polymer-coated urea
Taki Chemical Taki-coat® - polymer-coated urea
MC Ferticom U-coat® - polymer-coated urea
Central Union Fertilizer Cera-Coat® Polymer-Coated Urea
Co-op Chemical Co-op coat®- polymer-coated NPK fertilizers
Katakura Chikkarin Sigma Coat® Polymer-Coated Urea and NPK Fertilizers
Sumitomo Chemical ‘SR-coat’ - polymer-coated urea

Synonyms

Controlled-release fertilizer is also known as controlled-availability fertilizer, delayed-release fertilizer, metered-release fertilizer, or slow-acting fertilizer.

See also

References

  1. C. Nitschke, G. Scherr (2005), "Urea Derivatives", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.o27_o04
  2. Gregorich, Edward G.; Turchenek, L. W.; Carter, M. R.; Angers, Denis A., eds. (2001). Soil and Environmental Science Dictionary. CRC Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-8493-3115-2. LCCN 2001025292. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
  3. Trenkel, M.E. (2010). Slow- and Controlled release and Stabilized Fertilizers. International Fertilizer Industry Association.

Further reading


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