Conus imperialis

Conus imperialis

Five views of a shell of Conus imperialis Linné,1758
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Clade:	Caenogastropoda
Clade:	Hypsogastropoda
Clade:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Conus
Species:	C. imperialis
Binomial name
*Conus imperialis* Linnaeus, 1758^[1]
Synonyms^[2]
Conus (Stephanoconus) imperialis Linnaeus, 1758 · accepted, alternate representation Conus compactus Wils, 1970 Conus coronaducalis Röding, 1798 Conus dautzenbergi Fenaux, 1942 Conus douvillei Fenaux, 1942 Conus flavescens Barros e Cunha, 1933 (invalid, junior homonym of Conus flavescens G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) Conus fuscatus Born, 1778 Conus fuscatus dautzenbergi Fenaux, 1942 Conus imperialis compactus Wils, 1970 Conus imperialis flavescens Barros e Cunha, 1933 Conus imperialis nigrescens Barros e Cunha, 1933 Conus nigrescens Barros e Cunha, 1933 (invalid, junior homonym of Conus nigrescens G. B. Sowerby II, 1860 ) Conus regius Röding, 1798 (invalid, junior homonym of Conus regius Gmelin, 1791) Conus viridulus Lamarck, 1810 Cucullus coronaducalis Röding, 1798 Cucullus imperialis Röding, 1798 Cucullus regius Röding, 1798 Rhombiconus imperialis viridulus (f) Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1810

Conus imperialis Linnaeus, C., 1758

Conus imperialis, common name the imperial cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.^[2]

Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

Subspecie

Conus imperialis imperialis Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym: Rhombiconus imperialis imperialis (Linnaeus, C., 1758))
Conus imperialis queketti E. A. Smith, 1906 (synonyms: Conus queketti E. A. Smith, 1906; Rhombiconus imperialis queketti (E. A. Smith, 1906) · accepted, alternate representation)

Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 40 mm and 110 mm. The color of the thick shell is yellowish white or cream, with numerous interrupted revolving lines and spots of dark brown and two irregular and wider light brown bands. In the synonym Conus fuscatus, the light brown coloring extends in clouds and irregular markings over the surface, so that the bands can scarcely be defined.^[3] The shell has a flat but nodular spire and shoulders.

Distribution

This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Aldabra, Madagascar, the Mascarene Basin and Mauritius; in the entire Pacific Ocean; off Australia (the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia)

References

↑ Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, 10th ed., 1
1 2 Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 26 July 2011.
↑ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology, vol. VI, p. 9; 1879

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp
Born, I. von 1778. Index rerum naturalium Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis, pl. 1, Testacea. - Verzeichniss etc. Illust. Vindobonae. Vienna : J.P. Krauss xlii 458 pp.
Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.
Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1810. Tableau des espèces. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 15: 29-40
Dufo, M.H. 1840. Observations sur les Mollusques marins, terrestres et fluviatiles des iles Séchelles et des Amirantes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 2 14, Zoologie: 45-80
Reeve, L.A. 1843. Monograph of the genus Conus. pls 1-39 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1.
Smith, E.A. 1906. On South African marine mollusca, with descriptions of new species. Annals of the Natal Government Museum 1(1): 19-71, pls 17-18
Dautzenberg, Ph. (1929). Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar. Faune des Colonies Francaises, Tome III
Barros e Cunha, J.G. de 1933. Catálogo decritivo das Conchas exóticas da colecção António Augusto de Carvalho Monteiro. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra 1 71: 5-224
Fenaux 1942. Nouvelles espèces du genre Conus. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 814: 1-4
Demond, J. 1957. Micronesian reef associated gastropods. Pacific Science 11(3): 275-341, fig. 2, pl. 1
Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. The Great Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp.
Rippingale, O.H. & McMichael, D.F. 1961. Queensland and Great Barrier Reef Shells. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press 210 pp.
Maes, V.O. 1967. The littoral marine mollusks of Cocos-Keeling Islands (Indian Ocean). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 119: 93-217
Wils, E. 1970. Familie Conidae; werkgroep "Xenophora". Antwerpen : J. Kruyniers pp. 8-12.
Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp.
Hinton, A. 1972. Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp.
Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, pp. 1-391.
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific Marine Shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
Kay, E.A. 1979. Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca. Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp..
Filmer R.M. (2001). A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp.
Tucker J.K. (2009). Recent cone species database. September 4, 2009 Edition
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23

Gallery

Below are several color forms:

Conus imperialis Linnaeus, C., 1758
Conus imperialis Linnaeus, C., 1758
Conus imperialis Linnaeus, C., 1758
Conus imperialis Linnaeus, C., 1758
Conus imperialis Linnaeus, C., 1758

External links

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