Coordinatograph

A coordinatograph is an instrument which mechanically plots X and Y coordinates onto a surface, such as in compiling maps^[1] or in plotting control points such as in electronic circuit design.

One historic application of a coordinatograph was a machine that precisely placed and cut rubylith to create photomasks for early integrated circuits including some of the earliest generations of the modern PC microprocessor.^[2] The coordinatograph produced layout would then be photographically reduced 100:1 to create the production photomask.^[3]

See also

• Cartography
• Cartometry
• Photolithography
• Etching (microfabrication)
• Design for manufacturability
• Semiconductor device fabrication

References

1. Maling, D. H. (2013). Measurements from Maps: Principles and Methods of Cartometry. Elsevier. pp. 160–161. ISBN 978-0-08-030290-4. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
2. Volk, Andrew; Stoll, Peter; Metrovich, Paul (2001). Chao, Lin, ed. "Recollections of Early Chip Development at Intel" (PDF). Intel Technology Journal (Q1, 2001): 10–11. Retrieved 7 January 2015. The first chips at Intel used a machine called a “Coordinatograph” to guide cutting of the [rubylith].
3. Bergman, Dieter (2007). Martel, Michael L., ed. From Vacuum Tubes to Nanotubes: An Amazing Half Century: The Emergence of Electronic Circuit Technology 1957-2007 (PDF). IPC. p. 113. (Semiconductor die patterns were usually produced at 100:1 using a scribe-coat coordinatograph where the coating was peeled away to leave the represented IC Pattern).

External links

• http://news.cnet.com/Intels-accidental-revolution/2009-1001_3-275806.html states rubylith was used on the Intel 4004.
• http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Coordinatograph defines a coordinatograph in general terms.
• https://definedterm.com/coordinatograph provides a slightly different definition than the previous link.
• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4023420 describes a modern version of the coordinatograph.