Corpus luteum cyst

Corpus luteum cyst
Classification and external resources
Specialty urology
ICD-10 N83.1
ICD-9-CM 620.1
MeSH D010048

A Corpus luteum cyst is a type of ovarian cyst which may rupture about the time of menstruation, and take up to three months to disappear entirely. A corpus luteum cyst rarely occurs at age 50+, because eggs are no longer being produced in menopausal women. Corpus luteum cysts may contain blood and other fluids. The physical shape of a corpus luteum cyst may appear as an enlargement of the ovary itself, rather than a distinct mass -like growth on the surface of the ovary.

Pathophysiology

This type of functional cyst occurs after an egg has been released from a follicle. The follicle then becomes a secretory gland that is known as the corpus luteum. The ruptured follicle begins producing large quantities of estrogen and progesterone in preparation for conception. If a pregnancy doesn't occur, the corpus luteum usually breaks down and disappears. It may, however, fill with fluid or blood, causing the corpus luteum to expand into a cyst, and stay in the ovary. Usually, this cyst is on only one side, and does not produce any symptoms.[1][2]

In women of reproductive age cysts with a diameter of less than 5 cm are common, clinically inconsequential, and almost always a physiological condition rather than a cancer or other disease condition.[3] In postmenopausal women the threshold for concern is 1 cm.[3] Although ovarian cancer is cystic, it does not arise from benign corpus luteum cysts.[3] Medical specialty professional organizations recommend no follow-up imaging for cysts which are clinical inconsequential.[3]

Presentation

Corpus luteum cyst with bleeding, whereof fresh blood is visualized as anechoic (dark), with a protrusion of coagulated blood from top.

It can, however, grow to almost 10 cm (4 inches) in diameter and has the potential to bleed into itself or twist the ovary, causing pelvic or abdominal pain. If it fills with blood, the cyst may rupture, causing internal bleeding and sharp pain. This pain disappears within a few days of the rupture. Rarely, it may cause the ovary to twist around the ovarian ligament and can cut off the blood flow to the ovary. This is known as ovarian torsion and causes pain and other symptoms.

Interaction with medication

The fertility drug clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), used to induce ovulation, increases the risk of a corpus luteum cyst developing after ovulation. These cysts don't prevent or threaten a resulting pregnancy.[4][5] Women on birth control pills usually do not form these cysts; in fact, preventing these cysts is one way birth control pills work.[6] In contrast, the progesterone-only pill can cause increased frequency of these cysts.

References

  1. ↑ "Ovarian Cysts: What You Need to Know about an Ovarian Cyst and PCOS".
  2. ↑ "Corpus luteum cyst". Uni. Utah: Knowledge Weavers: Human Reproduction.
  3. 1 2 3 4 American College of Radiology, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question" (PDF), Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation (American College of Radiology), retrieved August 17, 2012, citing
    • Levine, D.; Brown, D. L.; Andreotti, R. F.; Benacerraf, B.; Benson, C. B.; Brewster, W. R.; Coleman, B.; Depriest, P.; Doubilet, P. M.; Goldstein, S. R.; Hamper, U. M.; Hecht, J. L.; Horrow, M.; Hur, H. -C.; Marnach, M.; Patel, M. D.; Platt, L. D.; Puscheck, E.; Smith-Bindman, R. (2010). "Management of Asymptomatic Ovarian and Other Adnexal Cysts Imaged at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement". Radiology 256 (3): 943–954. doi:10.1148/radiol.10100213. PMID 20505067.
    • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2002). "ACOG Committee Opinion: Number 280, December 2002. The role of the generalist obstetrician-gynecologist in the early detection of ovarian cancer". Obstetrics and gynecology 100 (6): 1413–1416. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02630-3. PMID 12468197.
    • &Na; (2007). "ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 83: Management of Adnexal Masses". Obstetrics & Gynecology 110 (1): 201–214. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000263913.92942.40. PMID 17601923.
    • Timmerman, D.; Valentin, L.; Bourne, T. H.; Collins, W. P.; Verrelst, H.; Vergote, I.; International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Group (2000). "Terms, definitions and measurements to describe the sonographic features of adnexal tumors: A consensus opinion from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group". Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16 (5): 500–505. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00287.x. PMID 11169340.
  4. ↑ "Ovarian cysts: Causes". Mayo Clinic.
  5. ↑ "Corpus luteum cyst". Mayo Clinic.
  6. ↑ Hill DA. "Photos of the Ovaries". Women's Health Information. Archived from the original on March 21, 2007.

Corpus Luteum Cyst Women Health Information.

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