Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa

Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa
Born (1921-07-21) 21 July 1921
Natal, South Africa
Nationality South African
Other names Credo Mutwa
Occupation Author
Known for Sangoma, Story-Telling, Sculptor
Website http://vusamazulu.com/

Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa /ˈkreɪdoʊ ˈmʊtwə/ (born 21 July 1921) is a Zulu sangoma (traditional healer) from South Africa. He is known as an author of books on stories mixing traditional Zulu folklore, extraterrestrial encounters and his own personally created fables. His most recent work is a graphic novel called the Tree of Life Trilogy based on his writings of his most famous book, Indaba my Children.[1]

Credo calls himself a sanusi (common spelling isanuse) which is a type of Zulu diviner or sangoma. The term stems from a more historic time and is not widely used today, even in a traditional setting.[2][3]

Credo currently lives with his wife, Virginia, in Kuruman where they run a hospice clinic.[4]

Early life

His father was a widower with three surviving children when he met his mother. His father was a builder and a Christian and his mother was a young Zulu girl. Caught between Catholic missionaries on one hand, and a stubborn old Zulu warrior, Credo Mutwa's maternal grandfather, his parents had no choice but to separate. Credo was born out of wedlock, which caused a great scandal in the village and his mother was thrown out by her father. Later he was taken in by one of his aunts.[5]

He was subsequently raised by his father's brother and was taken to the South Coast of Natal (present day KwaZulu-Natal), near the northern bank of the Mkomazi River. He did not attend school until he was 14 years old. In 1935 his father found a building job in the old Transvaal province and the whole family relocated to where he was building.

After falling severely ill, he was taken back to KwaZulu-Natal by his uncle. Where Christian doctors had failed, his grandfather, a man whom his father despised as a heathen and demon worshipper, helped him back to health. At this point Credo began to question many of the things about his people the missionaries would have them believe. "Were we Africans really a race of primitives who possessed no knowledge at all before the white man came to Africa?" he asked himself. His grandfather instilled in him the belief that his illness was a sacred calling that he was to become a sangoma, a healer. He underwent thwasa (sangoma training and initiation) with his grandfather and mother's sister, a young sangoma named Mynah.[6]

Kwa-Khaya Lendaba cultural village

Initiation area of the Kwa-Khaya Lendaba Cultural village in Soweto

In 1974, Credo obtained a piece of land on the Oppenheimer gardens in Soweto in order to create an African cultural village.[7] He created many sculptures and populated the village with huts and symbols that he claimed was secret African mythology. The village was primary designed for tourism to promote African culture and was generally ignored by the Sowetan locals, partly due to the unfamiliarity of the mythology that was being represented.[8]

Credo believed that the great unrest in Johannesburg and the popularisation of communism in the black struggle drew Africans away from their traditional roots. Unlike most political activists, he actually supported a separation between white and black in order to preserve black traditional tribal customs and way of life.[8] In 1976, students partially burnt down the cultural village after he was misquoted on Afrikaans radio, as they saw the village promoting tribalism and separate development.[8][9] Parts of the village was burnt again in the mid 80's during a strike against the West Rand city council.[9]

Sculpture of King Khandakhulu discussing his sexually transmitted infection with his gods

Following the murder of his son by black political activists and the second burning of his village, Credo moved away from Soweto and developed a cultural tourist village in Lotlamoreng, Mahikeng, (known at that time as Bophuthatswana). Here he supervised the building of small cultural villages, each representing the traditional cultures of the main South African tribal peoples.[8][10][11]

The Kwa-Khaya Lendaba cultural village in Soweto is currently being restored and is still open to the public free of charge. Tour guides are available from the caretaker of the village.[12]

Prophetic Sculptures

Although many of the sculptures at Kwa-Khaya Lendaba were unfamiliar to the Africans they were meant to represent, a number of them have been said to be prophetic in nature. Most notably, was claims of predicting the coming of HIV/AIDS to South Africa. This was seen in his fictional sculptures of King Khandakhulu, who had 200 wives. He couldn't satisfy them all sexually, and so they went out and satisfied themselves elsewhere, which led to them all contracting incurable sexually transmitted infections. The sores on King Khandakhulu's penis resemble the AIDS ribbon. These sculpture were created in 1979, 3 years before scientists uncovered the human immunodeficiency virus.[9] Claims of his other predictions include the destruction of World Trade Centres in the September 11 attacks, Chris Hani’s assassination and the ousting of president Thabo Mbeki, among others.[9][13]

Traditional treatments of HIV/AIDS

Credo has been an active and vocal advocate in the use of traditional African medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, cancer and tuberculosis.[14] He created a trust called the Vulinda Trust in 1999 to preserve traditional knowledge and to promote the use of these traditional medicines. The primary focus of his research has been on a South African plant called unwele in Zulu (Sutherlandia frutescens). Unwele is traditionally used as a well being tonic, however has demonstrated anticancer activity through in vitro studies.[15][16] Research of the efficacy of Sutherlandia frutescens in the treatment of HIV/AIDS is ongoing and phase IIb trials are being conducted at the South African Herbal Science and Medicine Institute (SAHSMI).[17][18]

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ "The Tree of life Triology". Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  2. ↑ "Who's who Southern Africa - Credo Mutwa". Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  3. ↑ Flint, Karen (2008). Healing Traditions: African Medicine, Cultural Exchange, and Competition in South Africa, 1820-1948. Ohio University Press. p. 55. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  4. ↑ "Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa". South African History Online. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  5. ↑ Credo Mutwa biography.
  6. ↑ Mutwa, Credo (1996). Zulu Shaman. Destiny Books. ISBN 0-89281-129-3.
  7. ↑ "Credo Mutwa Cultural Village and Oppenheimer Tower". Moja Heritage Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Stier, Oren Baruch; Landres, J. Shawn (2006). Religion, Violence, Memory, and Place. Indiana University Press. pp. 186–187. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "The rich heritage of Credo Mutwa". City Press. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  10. ↑ "Credo Mutwa". Inspirational Black Literature. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  11. ↑ "Mahikeng - North West Province". Tourism North West Province. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  12. ↑ "Credo Mutwa Cultural Village". South African Tourism. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "Mbeki's Darkest Hour: sangoma predicted his ouster in 1999". New Zimbabwe.com. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  14. ↑ "Medicinal plant fights Aids". BBC News. 30 November 2001. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  15. ↑ van Wyk, Ben-Erik; van Oudtshoorn, Bosch; Gericke, Nigel (1999). Medicinal Plants of South Africa. Pretoria: Briza Publications. p. 280. ISBN 978-1-875093-37-3.
  16. ↑ Tai, Joseph; Cheung, Susan; Chan, Edwin (8 June 2004). "In vitro culture studies of Sutherlandia frutescens on human tumor cell lines". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 93 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.028. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 15182898.
  17. ↑ Johnson, Quinton; Syce, James; Nell, Haylene (27 April 2007). "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lessertia frutescens in Healthy Adults". PLos Clinical Trials 2 (4): 16. doi:10.1371/journal.pctr.0020016. PMC 1863514. PMID 17476314.
  18. ↑ "Sutherlandia plant begins HIV drug safety trials". SciDev Net. 10 February 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2014.

Further Reading

External links

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