Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic

This article is about a short-lived polity in 1919. For the 1921–1945 autonomous republic of the RSFSR, see Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика
Krymskaja Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika
←
1919 →
Capital Simferopol
Languages Russian · Crimean Tatar
Ukrainian · German
Government Socialist republic
Chairman
 •  1919 Dmitry Ulyanov
Legislature Revolutionary committee
Historical era Russian Civil War
 • Bolshevik invasion of Crimea · Fall of the Second Crimean Regional Government Mar–Apr 1919
 •  Republic established May 1919
 • White Movement Volunteer army offensive
June 1919
 •  Republic defeated and White Movement control established June 1919
Today part of

The Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic[1] (Russian: Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика or Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика;[2] Crimean Tatar: Qırım Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti) or the Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea[3] was a state allied with Soviet Russia that existed in Crimea for several months in 1919 during the Russian Civil War. It was the second Bolshevik government in Crimea[3] and its capital was Simferopol.[2]

Description

In April 1919, the Bolsheviks invaded Crimea for the second time (the first was in March 1918 and led to the creation of the short-lived Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic). After the conquest of Crimea (with the exception of the Kerch Peninsula) by the 3rd Red Army, a Crimean Regional Party Conference at Simferopol from 28–29 April adopted a resolution forming the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic and a revolutionary committee government.[2]

By 30 April, the Bolsheviks had occupied the entire peninsula and, on 5 May, the government was formed with Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov, Vladimir Lenin's brother, as chairman.[2][3] On 1 June, the Crimean SSR joined in military union with soviet republics in Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Lithuania, and Latvia.[3]

The republic was declared to be a non-national entity based on the equality of all nationalities.[2] Nationalization of industry and confiscation of the land of landlords, kulaks, and the church were implemented.[2] The Crimean SSR was more friendly toward the interests of Crimean Tatars than the Taurida SSR had been and leftist Tatars were allowed to take positions in the government.[3]

Starting in late May, Anton Denikin's White Volunteer Army, which had been gaining strength, threatened seizure of Crimea.[2] On 18 June, White forces under Yakob Slashchyov (Яков Слащёв) landed in the area Koktebel and, as a result, the authorities of the Crimean SSR were evacuated from Crimea from 23–26 June and the Whites assumed control of the peninsula.[2] Crimea did not have its own government again until the formation of the South Russian Government by the Whites in February 1920.

Soviet government

References

  1. ↑ Harold Henry Fisher. The Famine in Soviet Russia, 1919-1923: The Operations of the American Relief Administration. Ayer Publishing, 1971. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-8369-5650-4
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 «Крымская ССР» Xронос: Историческая Энциклопедия. ("Crimean SSR". Chronos: Historical Encyclopedia.) Retrieved 20 April 2011. (Russian)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Alan W. Fisher. The Crimean Tatars. Hoover Press, 1978. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-8179-6662-1

See also

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