Bexhill West Branch Line

Bexhill West Branch Line

Map showing the line

The Bexhill West Branch
Overview
Type Heavy rail
System Hastings Line
Status Closed
Locale East Sussex, United Kingdom
Termini Crowhurst
50°53′19″N 0°30′05″E / 50.8887°N 0.5014°E / 50.8887; 0.5014 (Crowhurst station)
Bexhill West
50°50′27″N 0°27′49″E / 50.8407°N 0.4635°E / 50.8407; 0.4635 (Bexhill West station)
Stations 3
Operation
Opened 1 June 1902
Closed 15 June 1964
Owner Crowhurst, Sidley & Bexhill Railway (1902-05)
South Eastern Railway (1905-22)
Southern Railway (1923-47)
British Railways (1948-64)
Operator(s) South Eastern & Chatham Railway (1902-22)
Southern Railway (1923-47)
British Railways (1948-64)
Technical
Line length 4 miles 40 chains (7.24 km)
Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Bexhill West Branch Line
Legend
Hastings Line
to Tonbridge & SEML

Crowhurst
Hastings Line
to Hastings
Combe Haven Viaduct
3 mi 47 ch
5.77 km
 Sidley
4 mi 40 ch
7.24 km
 Bexhill West

The Bexhill West Branch Line was a short double track branch line which was opened on 1 June 1902. It was built by the Crowhurst, Sidley & Bexhill Railway under the patronage of the South Eastern Railway. The Chief Engineer to the project was Lt Col Arthur John Barry.[1] Diverging from the Hastings Line at Crowhurst, an intermediate station at Sidley was served before the terminus was reached at Bexhill West. The line was closed under the Beeching Axe on 15 June 1964.

History

Background

In the late nineteenth century, Bexhill had expanded rapidly.[2] The town had been served by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway since the opening of Bexhill Central on 27 June 1846.[3] In 1896, a line was promoted by the Crowhurst, Sidley and Bexhill Railway, which was nominally independent. The scheme was supported by the South Eastern Railway,[2] which entered into an operating arrangement with the London, Chatham and Dover Railway which came into effect on 1 January 1899, forming the South Eastern and Chatham Railway.[4] The Crowhurst, Sidley & Bexhill Railway Company was incorporated in 1897, and permission was granted in that year for the line's construction.[5] Lt Col Arthur John Barry was appointed as Chief Engineer to the project.[1]

The construction of the branch included a new station at Crowhurst (grid reference TQ 760 129), on the Hastings Line,[2] where a private siding had existed since about 1877;[6] an intermediate station at Sidley (TQ 743 090) and the terminus at Bexhill-on-Sea (TQ 735 074). Between Crowhurst and Sidley, a major viaduct was built to carry the line across a valley.[2] The line was supported by the South Eastern Railway because it was hoped that passengers would use that line instead of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway's routes to London, which were 10 miles (16 km) or 16 miles (26 km) longer, depending on whether one travelled via Plumpton or Brighton.[2] Seven contractors' locomotives were used in the construction of the line, one of which was an 0-6-0ST named St Leonards. Over 300,000 cubic yards (230,000 m3) of earth was moved during the construction of the line.[7] Initially, the line had some success, but following the electrification of the railway between Hastings and Brighton in 1935, traffic on the branch declined.[5]

Description

The line diverged from the Hastings Line at a point 9 chains (180 m) south of Crowhurst and headed in a generally southerly direction. After crossing the Combe Haven Viaduct, the line swung to the south west. Sidley station was reached at 3 miles 37 chains (5.57 km). The line then continued in a south westerly direction, which became southerly on the approach to Bexhill West, 4 miles 40 chains (7.24 km) from Crowhurst.[8] The line was double track throughout.[2]

Operation

The line was operated from the outset by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway. The South Eastern Railway absorbed the Crowhurst, Sidley and Bexhill Railway Company in 1905.[5] Under the SE&CR, services were worked by the older classes of SER locomotives, which were stationed at Bexhill. These continued until 1936, when push-pull trains were introduced. Under British Railways, push-pull services were operated by H Class 0-4-4T locomotives.[9] Through services between Bexhill and Charing Cross were worked by Schools Class 4-4-0 locomotives.;[10] these were withdrawn at the beginning of the Second World War and never reinstated.[11] Between 27 November 1949 and 5 June 1950, Bo Peep tunnel was closed to traffic and all services on the Hastings line were diverted to Bexhill West.[6] A push-pull service operated between Crowhurst Junction and West St Leonards during the closure of the tunnel.[12]

When steam was eliminated from the Hastings Line, Diesel-Electric Multiple Units took over the services.[9] This took place in June 1958; a new timetable was introduced at the same time, providing the line with an hourly service.[11] During the latter years of steam on the Hastings Line, a service between Etchingham and Bexhill West was operated for schoolchildren.[7] It was continued during the early years of the Hastings Diesel units; these were six-car trains, but the service was not shown in public timetables.[13]

A daily freight train ran from Tonbridge to Bexhill West. In 1958 it was usually hauled by a Q class engine.[14]

Closure

It is claimed that the timetables were altered to the detriment of those commuters who wished to use the line. Fares were also raised, adding a further disincentive. The line was closed as part of the Beeching Axe.[15] The last day of public services was 14 June 1964. Some of the services on that day were operated by 6S DEMU № 1007,[16] and 2H DEMU № 1120. The 6S was running reduced to four carriages at the time.[17]

Combe Haven Viaduct

The largest structure on the line was the Combe Haven Viaduct (grid reference TQ 763 104),[2] which was also known as the Filsham, Sidley or Crowhurst Viaduct.[10] It was 416 yards (380 m) long,[18] and 67 feet (20.42 m) high, with seventeen arches. The viaduct took two years to build, due to the nature of the ground it was built on.[2] Built at a cost of £244,000,[19] over 9,000,000 bricks were used in the construction of the viaduct.[2] Concrete blocks were used for the foundations, each one measuring 52 feet (16 m) by 30 feet (9.1 m) and 32 feet (9.8 m) deep.[19][20] Following the closure of the line, it was proposed in late 1968 to demolish the viaduct. Local residents were opposed to the plan, and a question was asked in Parliament by Neill Cooper-Key regarding the preservation of the viaduct, which was not listed. Kenneth Robinson answered that British Railways were prepared to transfer ownership of the viaduct to any group willing to take it, but that maintenance costs were considerable.[21] The viaduct was demolished in two stages, on 23 May and 12 June 1969.[19]

Stations

Crowhurst

Crowhurst was built to serve the branch. The station was provided with two through tracks and two tracks to serve the platforms. Each platform had a bay serving the branch.[2] Crowhurst Junction was 9 chains (180 m) south of the station.[8]

Sidley

Opening with the branch on 1 June 1902, Sidley station closed temporarily on 1 January 1917, not reopening until 14 June 1920.[22] The entrance at Sidley Station for the south-bound platform to Bexhill West was down some steps which were situated to the side of the petrol station. The petrol station stands on the site of the original station entrance building which was demolished in 1971. The Crowhurst and London platform side had access from the road, and until the 1960s when the station closed there was also a small goods yard and coal merchant on the site.

Bexhill West

Bexhill West was originally named Bexhill. It closed temporarily on 1 January 1917, reopening on 5 November the same year. It was renamed three times: to Bexhill-on-Sea in 1920; on 9 July 1923 it became Bexhill (Eastern); finally becoming Bexhill West in November 1929.[20][23] The station was provided with two pairs of platforms, two signal boxes, an extensive goods yard,[24] and an engine shed.[25] Only one of the two pairs of platforms saw regular use.[24]

References

  1. 1 2 Frederick Arthur Crisp Visitation of England and Wales, Volume 14, London (1906)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "BEXHILL WEST BRANCH". Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  3. ↑ Hamilton Ellis 1971, p. 19.
  4. ↑ Kidner 1963, p. 19.
  5. 1 2 3 Oppitz 1987, pp. 104-05.
  6. 1 2 Mitchell & Smith 1987, figure 91.
  7. 1 2 Mitchell & Smith 1987, figure 92.
  8. 1 2 Railway Clearing House Diagrams 1914, map 100, inset.
  9. 1 2 Gough 1999, pp. 10-11.
  10. 1 2 Mitchell & Smith 1987, figure 93.
  11. 1 2 Welch 2004, p. 90.
  12. ↑ Mitchell & Smith 1987, figure 110.
  13. ↑ Beecroft 1986, p. 40.
  14. ↑ P. J. Norris. "The Bexhill West Branch". Railway Magazine. No. July 1958. p. 498.
  15. ↑ "The last post ...". The Bexhill Observer. 21 September 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  16. ↑ Beecroft 1986, p. 47.
  17. ↑ Mitchell & Smith 1987, Figure 99.
  18. ↑ Jewell 1984, p. 133.
  19. 1 2 3 "Railways and Stations". Hastings Choice. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  20. 1 2 Kidner 1963, p. 33.
  21. ↑ "Crowhurst Viaduct". Hansard. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  22. ↑ Butt 1995, p. 212.
  23. ↑ Butt 1995, p. 33.
  24. 1 2 Whitehouse & St John Thomas 1992, pp. 135-37.
  25. ↑ Griffiths 1989, p. 20.

Sources

Further reading

Coordinates: 50°51′40″N 0°30′00″E / 50.8611°N 0.5001°E / 50.8611; 0.5001

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