Cru Bourgeois
The Cru Bourgeois classification lists some of the châteaux from the Médoc that were not included in the 1855 Classification of Crus Classés, or Classed Growths. Notionally, Cru Bourgeois is a level below Cru Classé, but still of high quality (formerly there were additional grades of Cru Artisan and Cru Paysan).[1] Many wine writers consider that there is some overlap in quality between the Classed Growths and the Cru Bourgeois, although also saying that by and large the Classed Growths still represent the best wines.[2]
The first Cru Bourgeois list was drawn up by the Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce and Chamber of Agriculture in 1932, selecting 444 estates for the classification. The words Cru Bourgeois were widely used on labels by the châteaux so listed, although the classification was never officially ratified. A substantial revision of the classification, dividing it into three tiers, was initiated in 2000 and finalised in 2003. This reduced the number of châteaux listed to 247. Following several legal turns, the 2003 Cru Bourgeois classification was annulled by the French court in 2007, and shortly afterwards all use of the term was banned.[3]
In 2010, the Cru Bourgeois label was reintroduced, but in a significantly revised form.[4] It now consists of only one level, and is awarded annually, as a mark of quality, to wines rather than to châteaux, on the basis of an assessment of both production methods and the finished product. Any property in the Médoc may apply. The lists are published approximately 2 years after the vintage, so the 2008 list was published in 2010, and the 2009 list was published in 2011.[3] The 2009 list includes 246 wines.[5]
2003 Classification (annulled)
The 2003 Cru Bourgeois classification (annulled in 2007) classified 247 properties in three tiers: Exceptionnel (9 properties), Supérieurs (87 properties) and straight Bourgeois (151 properties).[6] The Crus Bourgeois Exceptionnels are listed in the following table, for historical interest:
| Crus Bourgeois Exceptionnels | Appellation |
|---|---|
| Château Chasse-Spleen | (Moulis-en-Médoc) |
| Château Haut-Marbuzet | (Saint-Estèphe) |
| Château Labégorce Zédé | (Margaux) |
| Château Les Ormes-de-Pez | (Saint-Estèphe) |
| Château de Pez | (Saint-Estèphe) |
| Château Phélan Ségur | (Saint-Estèphe) |
| Château Potensac | (Médoc) |
| Château Poujeaux | (Moulis-en-Médoc) |
| Château Siran | (Margaux) |
Note that some very highly regarded wines outside the 1855 classification such as Château Gloria and Château Sociando-Mallet did not apply for classification.[3]
Annulment
There was considerable controversy regarding the 2003 classification. 77 châteaux which had been included in the 1932 list lost their Cru Bourgeois status.[6] Many proprieters were unhappy, either because they had been excluded entirely, or because they had been included at a lower level than they had expected. Over 70 producers applied to court to contest their exclusion from the new ranking, and in 2004 the court voided their rankings, requiring them to be reassessed, but otherwise upheld the new system.[3][6] However, in February 2007, Bordeaux magistrate Jean-Pierre Valeins, having found that the classification was 'not impartial' and 'tainted with illegality', annulled the 2003 revision, following an appeal by dissatisfied producers, led by Denis Hecquet, president of the Médoc winegrowers' union.[3][7][8] In essence the court ruled that four of the panel had conflicting interests, as owners of relevant wineries, and could not be seen as independent.[9] At this point, the 1932 classification was briefly reinstated, with its single tier and 444 estates.[7]
In July 2007, following the intervention of the French fraud office, all use of the term Cru Bourgeois became illegal. As the 2005 vintages were already bottled and with further anticipated delays, the ruling was expected to be enforced starting with the 2007 vintage. The ban applied to all wines, also extending to those wineries in Sauternes, Côtes-de-Bourg and Blaye who used the term.[10]
2010 reintroduction
The Alliance des Crus Bourgeois responded to the annulment of the 2003 classification by taking a new motion to the government, to create a new certification adopting the term Label Cru Bourgeois, "not as a classification, but as a mark of quality" open to all Médoc wines, based on production and quality standards, to be assessed by an independent body.[11] In February 2008, a format for the classification to be reintroduced was agreed by 180 estates from the defunct 2003 ranking, along with 95 new entrants. The revision demanded that estates adhere to a new set of production rules and independent quality testing in order to remain in the classification, and the terms Cru Bourgeois Supérieur or Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel would no longer be used.[12] Initially, the Alliance des Cru Bourgeois hoped to be able to reintroduce the classification in 2009, and apply it to the 2007 vintage, but this was not achieved. Instead, the new classification was unveiled in 2010, and applied to the 2008 vintage.[4]
Of the 290 producers who applied for Cru Bourgeois status for their 2008 wine, 243 were successful. The Bureau Véritas (the newly formed independent body to oversee the assessment process) inspected the facilities of all the applicants to ensure compliance with the required production standards and the wines were submitted to blind tastings by panels of wine professionals, none of whom are châteaux owners and none of whom have family connections to the applicants.[13]
In September 2011, the 2009 classification was announced. Of 304 applicants, 246 were successful.[14]
While the new Cru Bourgeois classification was being prepared, six out of nine of the former Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel decided to remain outside the new one-tier classification. Instead, they formed a group named Les Exceptionnels, primarily to stage common marketing events. Members of this group are Château Chasse-Spleen, Château Les Ormes-de-Pez, Château de Pez, Château Potensac, Château Poujeaux and Château Siran.[15]
Regions
Crus Bourgeois wineries can be found across the Médoc, but there is a particularly high concentration in the Saint-Estèphe appellation, on the plateau south and west of the village.[16]
See also
References
- Footnotes
- ↑ Johnson, Hugh (1994). World Atlas of Wine (4th ed.). London: Octopus Publishing Group Ltd. p. 81.
- ↑ Goldberg, Howard G., Wine News (April 2005). "Dusting off the 1855 debate".
- 1 2 3 4 5 Kissack, Chris, thewinedoctor.com. "Cru Bourgeois Classification".
- 1 2 Lechmere, Adam (23 September 2010). "Cru Bourgeois: new listing launched". Decanter. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ↑ "Sélection Officielle 2009 Crus Bourgeois du Médoc" (PDF) (in French). Alliance des Crus Bourgeois du Médoc. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- 1 2 3 Clarke, Oz (2005). Oz Clarke's New Essential Wine Book (3rd ed.). New York: Websters International Publishers and Octopus Publishing Group. p. 41.
- 1 2 Rosen, Maggie (28 February 2007). "Cru bourgeois classification annulled". Decanter.
- ↑ Lechmere, Adam (14 July 2010). "New Cru Bourgeois classification: date for launch". Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ↑ Budd, Jim, Wine Business Insider (2007-03-05). "Cru Bourgeois Classification Annulled".
- ↑ Anson, Jane (10 July 2007). "Cru Bourgeois classification officially over". Decanter.
- ↑ Anson, Jane (27 July 2007). "Cru Bourgeois to rise again with new name". Decanter.
- ↑ Anson, Jane (26 February 2008). "Cru Bourgeois revived". Decanter.
- ↑ Easton, Sally (27 September 2010). "Crus Bourgeois 2008 list announced". Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ↑ Lechmere, Adam (21 September 2011). "Bordeaux Cru Bourgeois 2009 announced". Decanter. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ↑ Anson, Jane, Decanter.com (May 13, 2010). Former Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnels boycott new system
- ↑ Johnson, Hugh; Robinson, Jancis (2005). The World Atlas of Wine (5th ed.). London: Mitchell Beazley. p. 88. ISBN 1-84000-332-4.