Cryoneuromodulation

Cryoneuromodulation also known as cryoneurolysis, and commonly known in the media as Frotox or Notox, or by its trademarked name iovera°, was developed by myoscience Inc., a medical technology company based in Fremont, California. The iovera° system is a cryosurgical device for treating superficial and subcutaneous tissue structures.

The iovera° treatment, is indicated for the blocking of pain and additionally approved outside of the United States for the temporary treatment of wrinkles.

Method of Action

The iovera° system uses liquid nitrous oxide that is contained within the device, and delivers it at very high speeds down a closed-end needle. The highly pressurized liquid travels down the needle into the closed-end tip, where it undergoes a phase change. This draws in heat energy from the surrounding tissue, creating a precise zone of cold to treat the intended nerve. The gaseous nitrous oxide is expelled into the device, leaving nothing behind in the body. When placed in contact with a peripheral nerve, the effect on the nerve, called Wallerian degeneration, is temporary and does not cause permanent damage to the nerve structure.[1][2][3][4][5]

This is another application of Cryotherapy.

Indications for Use

US: The myoscience iovera° system is used to destroy tissue during surgical procedures by applying freezing cold. It can also be used to produce lesions in peripheral nervous tissue by the application of cold to the selected site for the blocking of pain. The iovera° system is not indicated for treatment of central nervous system tissue.

EU, Canada, Australia, Saudi Arabia: The myoscience iovera° system is a cryosurgical device for treating superficial and subcutaneous tissue structures. Applications include temporary wrinkle reduction, temporary pain reduction, treatment of dermatologic conditions, and focal cryo-treatment of tissue.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Most common side effects include bruising, swelling, redness/inflammation, pain/tenderness, and altered sensation. In rare cases, patients have reported cold/hot injury, hyper- or hypo-pigmentation, and skin dimpling.

External links

References

  1. ↑ Sunderland S. A Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injuries Producing Loss of Function. Brain 74:491-516. 1951.
  2. ↑ Moorjani N, et al. Effects of cryoanalgesia on post-thoracotomy pain and on the structure of intercostal nerves: a human prospective randomized trial and a histological study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 20, 502-507 (2001).
  3. ↑ Evans PJ, Lloyd JW and Jack TM. Cryoanalgesia for intractable perineal pain. J R Soc Med 74, 804-809 (1981).
  4. ↑ Feng, Y., Yan, T., He, Z., & Zhai, Q. (2010, Mar). Wld(S), Nmnats and axon degeneration--progress in the past two decades. Protein & Cell, 1(3), 237-45.
  5. ↑ Hsu M, Stevenson F. Reduction in Muscular Motility by Selective Focused Cold Therapy: A Preclinical Study. J Neural Transmission. 2014 Jan;121(1):15-20.
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