Cui Guoyin

Cui Guoyin (Traditional Chinese: 崔國因; Simplified Chinese: 崔国因; Hanyu Pinyin: Cuī Guóyīn) (1831–1909^[1]) was the Chinese Minister to the United States, Japan, and Peru from 1889 to 1893.^[2] Cui was born in what is today Huangshan City, Anhui Province.^[1] The details of his life are not well known beyond a diary that he wrote chronicling his time as Minister.^[2]

Cui has generally not been a well-regarded figure in historical accounts. Liang Jian, a historian at Yunnan Normal University, writes that "because he could not speak English, had an introverted personality, and was inept at social intercourse, [Cui] became the butt of jokes and a gossip topic".^[3] Historian Michael Hunt believes that Cui was "a lackluster diplomat", because he did not consistently advocate for concrete policies that would assist Chinese citizens living in the United States following the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.^[4]

References

1 2 Liang, Jian (2009). "崔国因护侨述略". Journal of Anqing Teachers College (Social Science Edition) 28 (1): 63.
1 2 Xue, Fucheng; Helen Hsieh Chien; Douglas Howland (1993). The European diary of Hsieh Fucheng: Envoy Extraodinary of Imperial China. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-312-07946-8.
↑ Liang, 63.
↑ Hunt, Michael (1983). The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 113.

China's Ambassadors to the U.S.

Qing ministers to the U.S. 1875–1912	Chen Lanbin 1875–81 Zheng Zaoru 1881–85 Zhang Yinheng 1885–89 Cui Guoyin 1889–93 Yang Ru 1893–96 Wu Tingfang 1896–1902 Liang Cheng 1902–07 Wu Tingfang 1907–09 Zhang Yintang 1909–11 Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1911–12

ROC's envoys to the U.S. 1912–35	Zhang Yintang 1912–13 Xia Xiefu 1913–15 V. K. Wellington Koo 1915–20 Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1920–29 Wu Chaoshu 1929–31 Yan Huiqing 1931–33 Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1933–35

ROC's ambassadors to the U.S. 1935–79	Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1935–36 Wang Zhengting 1936–38 Hu Shih 1938–42 Wei Tao-ming 1942–46 Wellington Koo 1946–56 Hollington Tong 1956–58 George Yeh 1958–61 Tsiang Tingfu 1961–65 Zhou Shukai 1965–71 James Shen 1971–79

Taiwanese representatives to the U.S. 1979–present	Xia Gongquan 1979–81 Cai Weiping 1981–82 Frederick Chien 1982–88 Ding Maoshi 1988–94 Lu Zhaozhong 1994–96 Jason Hu 1996–97 Chen Xifan 1997–2000 Chen Chien-jen 2000–04 David Lee 2004–07 Joseph Wu 2007–08 Jason Yuan 2008–12 King Pu-tsung 2012–14 Shen Lyu-shun 2014–

Chiefs of the PRC Liaison Office in the U.S. 1973–79	Huang Zhen 1973–77 Chai Zemin 1978–79

PRC's ambassadors to the U.S. 1979–present	Chai Zemin 1979–82 Zhang Wenjin 1983–85 Han Xu 1985–89 Zhu Qizhen 1989–93 Li Daoyu 1993–98 Li Zhaoxing 1998–2001 Yang Jiechi 2001–05 Zhou Wenzhong 2005–10 Zhang Yesui 2010–13 Cui Tiankai 2013–present

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