Monoplex parthenopeus

Monoplex parthenopeus Temporal range: Miocene - Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 2.3)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Tonnoidea
Family:	Ranellidae
Subfamily:	Cymatiinae
Genus:	Monoplex
Species:	M. parthenopeus
Binomial name
Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793)
Synonyms[2]
Cymatium (Monoplex) echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961 Cymatium (Monoplex) echo iwakawanum sensu Kuroda & Kira Shikama, 1964 Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793) Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) Cymatium echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961 Cymatium parthenopeum (Von Salis, 1793) Cymatium parthenopeum parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) Cymatium turtoni E. A. Smith, 1890 Dissentoma prima Pilsbry, 1945 Monoplex australasiae Perry, 1811 Murex costatus Born, 1778 Murex costulatus Risso, 1826 Murex parthenopus Salis-Marschlins, 1793 Ranella parthenopaeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) (incorrect generic placement; incorrect grammatical agreement of species epithet) Ranella pyramidata Risso, 1826 Triton (Simpulum) acclivis Hutton, 1873 Triton abbreviatum Bellardi in d'Ancona, 1872 Triton acclivis Hutton, 1873 Triton americanum d’Orbigny, 1842 Triton brasilianum Gould, 1849 Triton fossatum Gould, 1860 Triton parthenopaeum [sic] (misspelling of Triton parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793)) Triton parthenopaeum var. antupa de Gregorio, 1885 Triton parthenopaeum var. milona de Gregorio, 1884 Triton parthenopaeum var. peribranta de Gregorio, 1884 Triton parthenopaeum var. sbilpa de Gregorio, 1885 Triton succinctum Lamarck, 1816

Monoplex parthenopeus,^[3][4] common name the giant triton, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ranellidae, the triton snails, triton shells or tritons.^[2]

Fossil records

This species have been recorded as fossils from the Miocene to the Quaternary (from 15.97 to 0.0 million years ago). ^[5]

Distribution

This species occurs worldwide including:

• The Western Atlantic Ocean^[4]
• New Zealand^[6]

Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 180 mm.^[7]

Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.^[7] Maximum recorded depth is 75 m.^[7]

Life cycle

Hairy trumpets are notable for having particularly long planktonic periods. The veliger larvae remain in the plankton for nearly 300 days, dispersing as far as 4000 km.^[8] This is the longest known larval duration and dispersal distance of any marine invertebrate which occurs along the west coast of North America.^[9]

Gallery

• 

  A shell of Monoplex parthenopeus with periostracum removed

• 

  Same shell, apertural view

• 

  Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus echo (Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961) with operculum and periostracum attached

• 

  Fossil shell of Monoplex parthenopeus from Pliocene of Italy

References

1. Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). Cymatium parthenopaeum. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 6 August 2007.
2. Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793). WoRMS (2010). Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=476531 on 8 May 2011.
3. "Cymatium parthenopeum (Salis, 1793)", CLEMAM, accessed 18 February 2011.
4. "Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793)". Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. accessed 17 February 2011.
5. Fossilworks
6. Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
7. Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.
8. Scheltema, R. S. 1971. Larval dispersal as a means of genetic exchange between geographically separated populations of shoalwater benthic marine gastropods. Biological Bulletin 140:284–322.
9. AL Shanks, BA Grantham, MH Carr (2003) Propagule dispersal distance and the size and spacing of marine reserves. Ecological Applications, 13, S159-S169.

• Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. [Shells and molluscs of Angola]. Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213
• Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
• Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas

External links

• Drawing of the shell