Cysteamine

Not to be confused with cystamine.
Cysteamine
Skeletal formula of cysteamine
Ball-and-stick model of the cysteamine molecule
Names
IUPAC name
2-aminoethanethiol
Other names
β-mercaptoethylamine
2-aminoethanethiol
2-mercaptoethylamine
decarboxycysteine
thioethanolamine
mercaptamine
Identifiers
60-23-1 YesY
156-57-0 (HCl) YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:17141 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL602 YesY
ChemSpider 5834 YesY
DrugBank DB00847 YesY
7440
Jmol interactive 3D Image
KEGG D03634 YesY
PubChem 6058
UNII 5UX2SD1KE2 YesY
Properties
C2H7NS
Molar mass 77.15 g·mol−1
Melting point 95 to 97 °C (203 to 207 °F; 368 to 370 K)
Pharmacology
ATC code A16AA04
S01XA21
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS
Xn
S-phrases S26 S36
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Cysteamine is the chemical compound with the formula HSCH2CH2NH2. It is the simplest stable aminothiol and a degradation product of the amino acid cysteine. It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, HSCH2CH2NH3Cl. The comparatively high melting point of cysteamine (95-97 °C), indicates that it exists in a salt form.[1]

Preparation

It can also be prepared by the reaction of ethylenimine with hydrogen sulfide.[1]

(NHCH2CH2) + H2S → HSCH2CH2NH2

Reactions

It is used as the hydrochloride salt, as it readily oxidizes to the corresponding disulfide, in the presence of air. The amine portion of the molecule serves as a catalyst for this reaction.

4 HSCH2CH2NH2 + O2 → 2 NH2CH2CH2SSCH2CH2NH2 + 2 H2O

Biochemical and pharmaceutical applications

Under the trade name Cystagon, cysteamine is used in the treatment of disorders of cystine excretion. Cysteamine cleaves the disulfide bond with cystine to produce molecules that can escape the metabolic defect in cystinosis and cystinuria.

It is also used for treatment of radiation sickness.[2]

Cysteamine is used in the body to form the essential biochemical coenzyme A by combining with pantothenate and adenosine triphosphate.

In 2008, Raptor Pharmaceuticals started phase II clinical trials testing a delayed release (DR) preparation of cysteamine bitartrate for Huntington's disease. DR Cysteamine is also being investigated as a treatment for cystinosis, Batten disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

References

  1. 1 2 Reid, E. Emmet (1958). Organic Chemistry of Bivalent Sulfur 1. New York: Chemical Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 398–399.
  2. Lukashin BP, Grebeniuk AN (2001). "[Comparative study of the radiation-protective effectiveness of low doses of cysteamine, heparin, and naphtizine in experiments on mice]". Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossiĭskaia akademiia nauk (in Russian) 41 (3): 310–2. PMID 11458646.
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