Dârjiu fortified church

Dârjiu Fortified Church
Biserica fortificată din Dârjiu
Basic information
Location Dârjiu, Romania
Geographic coordinates 46°12′08″N 25°11′57″E / 46.202202°N 25.199234°E / 46.202202; 25.199234Coordinates: 46°12′08″N 25°11′57″E / 46.202202°N 25.199234°E / 46.202202; 25.199234
Affiliation Unitarian
Architectural description
Architectural type Fortified church
Architectural style Gothic
Groundbreaking 14th century (14th century)
Completed 16th century
Official name: Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania
Type Cultural
Criteria iv
Designated 1993 (17th session)
1999 (23rd session – Extension)
Reference no. 596
State Party Romania
Region Europe and North America
Type architectural
Reference no. LMI Code: HR-II-a-A-12813 (RAN Code: 84399.02)

The Dârjiu fortified church (Romanian: Biserica fortificată din Dârjiu; Hungarian: Székelyderzsi erődtemplom) is a Unitarian fortified church in Dârjiu (Székelyderzs), Harghita County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. It was built by the Székely Hungarian community at a time when the area belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary. Initially Roman Catholic, it became Unitarian following the Reformation. The church is noted for its interior frescoes, and together with the surrounding village, forms part of the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Description

Church and fortifications

First built in Romanesque style in the 14th–15th centuries,[1] the church was transformed into a Gothic one in the latter part of the 15th century. The semi-cylindrical rib-vaulted arches, which reach into the nave and the choir, date to the first half of the 16th century. The vaults are supported by corbels that in the choir have carved decorations: a pelican with chicks, the sun, the moon, masks and a symmetrical plowshare. The buttresses date to the same period and are linked by a corbel and little arches that support the battlement.[2] The church is 28 metres long, 7 metres wide and 20 metres high; the slate roof is from 1760.[3]

The fortifications, erected in 1400,[1] reached their final form around 1530. The 5 m high walls form a square; their bastions are at an oblique angle and jut out from the walls at all four corners. A similar bastion is found in the middle of the western wall.[2] The fortifications' oldest and most visible element, the tower, is to the south of the church. The gate tower retains its original form, with openings for firing guns that can be closed with wooden shutters. Modifications in 1788 included the creation of storage spaces for the villagers.[3]

Frescoes and recognition

Fresco depicting Saint Ladislaus resting in the arms of a maiden

The church's interior features a partly destroyed but valuable series of mural paintings.[2] These Gothic, Italian Renaissance-influenced works were executed in 1419 by Paul of Ung; the most detailed is a Conversion of Paul the Apostle that includes the artist's portrait. There and in The Pursuit of the Cuman, part of a Saint Ladislaus legend group, Paul managed to integrate the subject into the composition's other elements.[4] Other subjects he painted were the Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand and several saint-bishops.[5] Beneath his portrait, in Gothic minuscule, he wrote a love declaration in Latin: "This work did master Paul, son of Stephen of Ung, paint and prepare, AD 1419; he wrote this inscription while keeping in mind a beautiful girl".[3][5] The damage to the frescoes occurred when the arches were built and later, in the 17th century, when a pulpit was installed.[5]

In 1999, Dârjiu, together with five other places, was added to the already-listed Biertan to form the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.[6] Additionally, the church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, with the fortifications being listed as a separate entry.[7]

Notes

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  1. 1 2 Dan Ghinea, Enciclopedia geografică a României, p.516. Editura Enciclopedică, Bucharest, 2000. ISBN 978-97345-014-8-9
  2. 1 2 3 (Romanian) Dârjiu/Dersch at biserici-fortificate.com
  3. 1 2 3 (Romanian) "Atemporalul satului săsesc la Saschiz și Dârjiu", Jurnalul Național, January 18, 2007
  4. ↑ Ion Ţurcanu, Istoria românilor: Cu o privire mai largă asupra culture, p.155-56. Editura Istros, Brăila, 2007, ISBN 973-18-7102-0
  5. 1 2 3 Vasile Drăguț, Arta gotică în România, p.228-30. Editura Meridiane, Bucharest, 1979
  6. ↑ "World Heritage Committee Inscribes 48 New Sites on Heritage List" at the UNESCO site
  7. ↑ (Romanian) Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2010: Judeţul Harghita
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