Torsin A

Torsin family 1, member A (torsin A)
Identifiers
Symbols	TOR1A ; DQ2; DYT1
External IDs	OMIM: 605204 MGI: 1353568 HomoloGene: 37263 GeneCards: TOR1A Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding • ATP binding • cytoskeletal protein binding • ATPase activity • kinesin binding • unfolded protein binding • misfolded protein binding Cellular component • nuclear envelope • endoplasmic reticulum • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • cytoskeleton • synaptic vesicle • membrane • cell junction • transport vesicle • secretory granule • growth cone • cytoplasmic vesicle membrane • nuclear membrane • extrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle • extracellular exosome Biological process • protein deneddylation • response to oxidative stress • organelle organization • nuclear envelope organization • cell adhesion • neuron projection development • protein localization to nucleus • wound healing, spreading of cells • intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization • synaptic vesicle transport • chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor • protein homooligomerization • regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission • chaperone-mediated protein folding • ER-associated misfolded protein catabolic process • nuclear membrane organization • chaperone-mediated protein transport • positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis • regulation of protein localization to cell surface Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1861	30931
Ensembl	ENSG00000136827	ENSMUSG00000026849
UniProt	O14656	Q9ER39
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000113	NM_144884
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000104	NP_659133
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 129.81 – 129.82 Mb	Chr 2: 30.96 – 30.97 Mb
PubMed search

Torsin-1A (TOR1A) also known as dystonia 1 protein (DYT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOR1A gene (also known as DQ2 or DYT1).^[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the AAA family of adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), is related to the Clp protease/heat shock family and is expressed prominently in the substantia nigra pars compacta.^[2]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene result in the autosomal dominant disorder, torsion dystonia 1.^[2]

References

1. Ozelius LJ, Page CE, Klein C, Hewett JW, Mineta M, Leung J, Shalish C, Bressman SB, de Leon D, Brin MF, Fahn S, Corey DP, Breakefield XO (Mar 2000). "The TOR1A (DYT1) gene family and its role in early onset torsion dystonia". Genomics 62 (3): 377–84. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.6039. PMID 10644435.
2. "Entrez Gene: TOR1A torsin family 1, member A (torsin A)".

Further reading

• Ozelius LJ, Hewett JW, Page CE, et al. (1998). "The gene (DYT1) for early-onset torsion dystonia encodes a novel protein related to the Clp protease/heat shock family.". Advances in neurology 78: 93–105. PMID 9750906.
• Ferrari Toninelli G, Spano P, Memo M (2003). "TorsinA, microtubules and cell polarity.". Funct. Neurol. 18 (1): 7–10. PMID 12760408.
• Rothwell JC, Edwards M, Huang YZ, Bhatia KP (2004). "Physiological studies in carriers of the DYT1 gene mutation.". Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 159 (10 Pt 1): 880–4. PMID 14615676.
• Ozelius LJ, Hewett JW, Page CE, et al. (1997). "The early-onset torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) encodes an ATP-binding protein.". Nat. Genet. 17 (1): 40–8. doi:10.1038/ng0997-40. PMID 9288096.
• Augood SJ, Penney JB, Friberg IK, et al. (1998). "Expression of the early-onset torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) in human brain.". Ann. Neurol. 43 (5): 669–73. doi:10.1002/ana.410430518. PMID 9585364.
• Kamm C, Castelon-Konkiewitz E, Naumann M, et al. (1999). "GAG deletion in the DYT1 gene in early limb-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia in Germany.". Mov. Disord. 14 (4): 681–3. doi:10.1002/1531-8257(199907)14:4<681::AID-MDS1020>3.0.CO;2-M. PMID 10435508.
• Ikeuchi T, Shimohata T, Nakano R, et al. (1999). "A case of primary torsion dystonia in Japan with the 3-bp (GAG) deletion in the DYT1 gene with a unique clinical presentation.". Neurogenetics 2 (3): 189–90. doi:10.1007/s100480050082. PMID 10541594.
• Shashidharan P, Kramer BC, Walker RH, et al. (2000). "Immunohistochemical localization and distribution of torsinA in normal human and rat brain.". Brain Res. 853 (2): 197–206. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02232-5. PMID 10640617.
• Hewett J, Gonzalez-Agosti C, Slater D, et al. (2000). "Mutant torsinA, responsible for early-onset torsion dystonia, forms membrane inclusions in cultured neural cells.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (9): 1403–13. doi:10.1093/hmg/9.9.1403. PMID 10814722.
• Kustedjo K, Bracey MH, Cravatt BF (2000). "Torsin A and its torsion dystonia-associated mutant forms are lumenal glycoproteins that exhibit distinct subcellular localizations.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (36): 27933–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M910025199. PMID 10871631.
• Suzuki Y, Tsunoda T, Sese J, et al. (2001). "Identification and characterization of the potential promoter regions of 1031 kinds of human genes.". Genome Res. 11 (5): 677–84. doi:10.1101/gr.164001. PMC 311086. PMID 11337467.
• Konakova M, Huynh DP, Yong W, Pulst SM (2001). "Cellular distribution of torsin A and torsin B in normal human brain.". Arch. Neurol. 58 (6): 921–7. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.6.921. PMID 11405807.
• Sharma N, Hewett J, Ozelius LJ, et al. (2001). "A close association of torsinA and alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies: a fluorescence resonance energy transfer study.". Am. J. Pathol. 159 (1): 339–44. PMC 1850427. PMID 11438481.
• Leung JC, Klein C, Friedman J, et al. (2002). "Novel mutation in the TOR1A (DYT1) gene in atypical early onset dystonia and polymorphisms in dystonia and early onset parkinsonism.". Neurogenetics 3 (3): 133–43. doi:10.1007/s100480100111. PMID 11523564.
• Tuffery-Giraud S, Cavalier L, Roubertie A, et al. (2002). "No evidence of allelic heterogeneity in the DYT1 gene of European patients with early onset torsion dystonia.". J. Med. Genet. 38 (10): E35. doi:10.1136/jmg.38.10.e35. PMC 1734733. PMID 11584049.
• Major T, Svetel M, Romac S, Kostić VS (2002). "DYT1 mutation in primary torsion dystonia in a Serbian population.". J. Neurol. 248 (11): 940–3. doi:10.1007/s004150170045. PMID 11757956.
• Walker RH, Morgello S, Davidoff-Feldman B, et al. (2002). "Autosomal dominant chorea-acanthocytosis with polyglutamine-containing neuronal inclusions.". Neurology 58 (7): 1031–7. doi:10.1212/wnl.58.7.1031. PMID 11940688.
• Hjermind LE, Werdelin LM, Sørensen SA (2002). "Inherited and de novo mutations in sporadic cases of DYT1-dystonia.". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 10 (3): 213–6. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200782. PMID 11973627.

External links

• GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on Early-Onset Primary Dystonia

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.