De Witt (family)
| De Witt | |
|---|---|
| family | |
 | |
| Country |
 Netherlands |
| Founded | 14th century |
| Ethnicity | Dutch |
De Witt is the name of an old Dutch patrician and regenten family. Originally of Dordrechts origin, the genealogy of the family begins with Jan de Witte, a patrician who lived around 1295.[1] [2] The family have played an important role during the Dutch Golden Age. They were at the centre of Dordrecht and Holland oligarchy from the end of the 16th century until 1672.[3]
The De Witt family during the Dutch Golden Age
During the Dutch Golden Age, the republican De Witt family opposed the royalists associated with the House of Orange-Nassau. With other republican political leaders at Dordrecht, such as the Van Slingelandts, and at Amsterdam with the Bicker and De Graeff families, the De Witts worked to abolish stadtholdership. They sought full sovereignty for individual regions, so that the Republic of the United Seven Netherlands would not yield to authoritarianism. Instead of a sovereigns (or stadtholder), political and military power would be entrusted to the States General and Holland's city regents.
From 1650 into the 1670s, the De Witts played leading roles in Dutch government. Republicans called this era the Ware Vrijheid (True Freedom), the First Stadtholderless Period.[3]
The De Witt family lost its leadership role in Rampjaar 1672, when Orangists resumed leadership and murdered brothers Johan and Cornelis de Witt.
Family members
- Jacob Fransz de Witt (1548-1621), Burgemeester of Dordrecht, member of the States of Holland
- Cornelis Fransz de Witt (1545–1622), Burgemeester and regent of Dordrecht, member of the States of Holland and West Friesland
- Andries de Witt (1573–1637), Grand Pensionary of Holland
- Johan de Witt (1618–1676), Burgemeester and regent of Dordrecht
- Jacob de Witt (1589–1674), Burgemeester and regent of Dordrecht, member of the States of Holland
- Cornelis de Witt (1623–1672), Burgemeester and regent of Dordrecht, ruwaard or governor of the land of Putten, deputy of the States to the Dutch Navy during the Second Anglo-Dutch War
- Johan de Witt (1625–1672), heer van Zuid- en Noord-Linschoten, Snelrewaard and IJsselveere, Grand Pensionary of Holland
- Andries de Witt (1573–1637), Grand Pensionary of Holland
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Statue of Johan (left) and Cornelis de Witt in Dordrecht.
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Jacob de Witt, painted by Nicolaes Maes in 1657, Dordrechts Museum.
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Cornelis de Witt, painted by Jan de Baen between 1667 and 1670, Rijksmuseum.
Notes
Literature
- Sypesteyn, C.A. van, De geslachten De Witt te Dordrecht en te Amsterdam in: De Nederlandsche heraut. Tijdschrift op het gebied van geslacht-, wapen- en zegelkunde jrg. 3 (1886 's-Gravenhage; C. van Doorn & zoon).
- Panhusen, Luc (2005) De Ware Vrijheid, De levens van Johan en Cornelis de Witt, Atlas
- Rowen, Herbert H. (1986) John de Witt – Statesman of the True Freedom“ Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52708-2.
- Fölting, H.P., De landsadvocaten en raadpensionarissen der Staten van Holland en West-Friesland 1480–1795. Een genealogische benadering. Deel III in: Jaarboek Centraal Bureau Voor Genealogie. Deel 29 (1975 Den Haag; Centraal Bureau Voor Genealogie).
- Israel, Jonathan I. (1995) The Dutch Republic – Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall – 1477–1806 Clarendon Press, Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-820734-4.