Ded Gjo Luli
| Dedë Gjon Luli Dedvukaj / Ded Gjo Luli | |
|---|---|
 Photo of Ded Gjo Luli | |
| Born |
1840 Trabojin,[1] Scutari Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (in modern-day Podgorica, Montenegro) |
| Died |
September 24, 1915[1] Orosh[1] (in modern Mirditë District, Albania) |
| Nationality | Albanian |
| Known for | Commander of the Highlanders insurgent during the 1911 revolt |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Dedë Gjon Luli Dedvukaj, known as Ded Gjo Luli (1840–1915), A nationalist figure and guerrilla fighter, he was one of the leading commanders of the Albanian Revolt of 1911, and is regarded as a national hero.
Life
Origin and early
Dedë Gjon Luli was born in the village of Traboin of the Hoti clan, in the Ottoman Empire.[1]
He took part in the League of Prizren, and when in August 1878, the Congress of Berlin ordered a border resolution between the Ottomans and Montenegrins, and the Albanians successful resistance to the treaty forced the Great Powers to return Gusinje and Plav to the Ottoman Empire and grant Montenegro the mostly Albanian-populated coastal town of Ulcinj. Ded Gjo Luli took part in the resistance of Gusinje and Plav in 1879-1880.[1]
Albanian revolt
Dedë joined the Albanian Revolt of 1911, and became a chief commander of the rebel army. King Nikola Petrović of the Montenegro supported the rebellion,[2] and with Dedë Gjon Luli being the leader of the uprising in the Shkodër highlands, was compelled by King Nikola of Montenegro to summon the mountain people to arms.[3] Podgorica had become the headquarters of the Albanian revolutionaries.
King Nikola had provided a refuge for the insurgents, and General Vukotić himself passed out weapons to them.[4] This was done in spite of Montenegro being officially neutral.[4] King Nikola, wanting to use the rebels for his own ends, forced them to return across the frontier and to attack the Turkish forces. Dedë Gjon Luli and some 8,000 highlanders took up arms against the Ottoman divisions.[3] Shefket Turgut Pasha was sent with a large force against the insurgents, but was defeated in several encounters with the highlanders, most notably in the Battle of Deçiq, where the highlanders defeated the Ottoman division. At the conclusion of the battle, the Albanian flag was symbolically raised on the Bratile mountain for the first time in 442 years of Ottoman occupation (since the fall of Shkodër, in 1479).[5]
Balkan wars
Despite aiding the rebels, Nikola's strategy was to stimulate unrest in northern Albania and north-western Kosovo to the point where he could intervene and annex more territory for Montenegro.[6] After the League of Prizren, Dedë Gjon Luli resisted Montenegrin incursions into Hoti and Grudë.[7] Dedë Gjon Luli was killed by Montenegrin forces near Orosh in Mirdita.[7]
Legacy
Ded is most known for starting the revolution for the Albanians, which eventually led to later actions by Luigj Gurakuqi, Ismail Qemali, and Isa Boletini.
In Tirana, Albania's capital city, there is a street named in his honor called "Rruga Ded Gjo Luli". In the village of Bardhaj in Hot, the rubble of his house, that was left in ruins after the war, was converted into a museum which represents his life as a hero to the Albanian people.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Fishta, p. 439
- ↑ Vickers 1999, pp. 63, 64
- 1 2 Pearson, p. 14
- 1 2 Treadway 1983, p. 75
- ↑ Nikprelaj, Gjergj (5 January 2006). "DEDE GJO LULI, MBROJTESI FISNIK I TROJEVE SHQIPTARE". Koha Jone (in Albanian) (Koco Kokedhima). Retrieved 20 September 2010.
- ↑ Malcolm, Noel (1998). Kosovo: A short history. Washington Square, New York: New York University Press. p. 242. ISBN 0-8147-5598-4.
But his basic strategy, clearly, was the same as before: to stimulate unrest in northern Albania and north-western Kosovo, to the point where he could intervene and annex more territory for Montenegro.
- 1 2 Elsie, Robert. Historical Dictionary of Albania (PDF).
External links
Further reading
- Treadway, John D (1983), "The Malissori Uprising of 1911", The Falcon and Eagle: Montenegro and Austria-Hungary, 1908-1914, West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, ISBN 978-0-911198-65-2, OCLC 9299144, retrieved October 10, 2011
- Vickers, Miranda (1999). The Albanians: a modern history. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-541-9.
- Pearson, "Albania in the twentieth century: a history, Volume 3"
- The highland lute: (Lahuta e malcís) : the Albanian national epic By Gjergj Fishta, Robert Elsie, Janice Mathie-Heck, Centre for Albanian Studies (London, England) Publisher: I.B. Tauris 2005 ISBN 1-84511-118-4