Dehalococcoidetes

Dehalococcoidetes
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Chloroflexi
Class:	Dehalococcoidetes
Genera
"Dehalococcoides" Maymo-Gatell et al. 1997 Dehalogenimonas Moe et al. 2009

Dehalococcoides is a class of Chloroflexi, a phylum of Bacteria. It is also known as the DHC group.^[1]

The name Dehalococcoidetes is a placeholder name given by Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt, 2004,^[2] after Dehalococcoides ethenogenes, a partially described species in 1997,^[3] whereas the first species fully described belonging to this class was Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens by Moe et al. 2009, but no emendations to the name were made.^[4][5][6]

Characteristics

Both species, Dehalococcoides ethenogenes and Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens are irregular coccus (coccoid) bacteria capable of dehalogenating polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes and alkenes, such as tetrachloroethene, trichloropropane, trichloroethane, dichloropropane, and dichloroethane.^[7]

One of the features of the members of the phylum Chloroflexi is the unusual cell wall structure, which is monoderm but with great variation in presence or structure of the peptidoglycan resulting in many members staining Gram-negative and other Gram-positive.^[8] Both species of Dehalococcoidetes stain Gram negative, but they potentially lack peptidoglycan and instead possess pseudopeptidoglycan (S-layer) (resistant to peptidoglycan-attacking antibiotics ampicillin and vancomycin; wheat germ agglutinin does not bind nor does lysozyme work).^[3][4][9]

References

1. Lebron, C. A., Petrovskis, E., Loeffler, F., and Henn, K. (2011). "Guidance Protocol: Application of Nucleic Acid-Based Tools for Monitoring Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA), Biostimulation, and Bioaugmentation at Chlorinated Solvent Sites" (PDF).
2. Hugenholtz, P.; Stackebrandt, E. (2004). "Reclassification of Sphaerobacter thermophilus from the subclass Sphaerobacteridae in the phylum Actinobacteria to the class Thermomicrobia (emended description) in the phylum Chloroflexi (emended description)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 (6): 2049–2051. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03028-0. PMID 15545432.
3. Maymo-Gatell, X.; Chien, Y.; Gossett, J. M.; Zinder, S. H. (1997). "Isolation of a Bacterium That Reductively Dechlorinates Tetrachloroethene to Ethene". Science 276 (5318): 1568–1571. doi:10.1126/science.276.5318.1568. PMID 9171062.
4. Moe W.M., Yan J., Nobre MF, Da Costa M.S., Rainey F.A. (2009). "Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens gen. nov., sp. nov., a reductively dehalogenating bacterium isolated from chlorinated solvent-contaminated groundwater". IJSEM 59 (11): 2692–2697. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.011502-0.
5. Classification entry in LPSN [Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9103655.]
6. Dehalogenimonas entry in LPSN [Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9103655.]
7. Maymo-Gatell X, Chien Y, Gossett JM, Zinder SH (1997). "Isolation of a bacterium that reductively dechlorinates tetrachloroethene to ethene". Science 276 (5318): 1568–1571. doi:10.1126/science.276.5318.1568. PMID 9171062.
8. Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James T. Staley (July 26, 2005) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity, ed. Introductory Essays. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2A (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-387-24143-2. British Library no. GBA561951.
9. Fazi, S.; Aulenta, F.; Majone, M.; Rossetti, S. (2008). "Improved quantification of Dehalococcoides species by fluorescence in situ hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition". Systematic and Applied Microbiology 31 (1): 62–67. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2007.11.001. PMID 18249080.