Demographic history of Pakistan
This article presents the demographic history of Pakistan mainly through the census results. See Demographics of Pakistan for a more detailed overview of the country's present-day demographics.
The country of Pakistan has a history that dates back to almost 2,500 years B.C. It is considered to be one of the most highly advanced and highly developed civilizations of those ancient times. Finally becoming a sovereign state on August 14, 1947, this country is known for having deep roots in the Islamic religion. The country’s capital is Islamabad, and the country features different provinces: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Balochistan, Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan and Punjab.
Indus Valley Civilization
At its peak, the Indus Valley Civilization, that covered mainly modern Pakistan, may have had a population of over five million. The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings.
Independence and transfer of population
After Partition of India in 1947, two-thirds of the Muslims resided in Pakistan (both east and West Pakistan) but a third resided in India.[1] According to 1951 census, Dominion of Pakistan(both east and West Pakistan) had a population of 7.5 crore population, in which West Pakistan had a population of 3.37 crore and East Pakistan( modern Bangladesh) had a population of 4.2 crore.[2][3] In 1951, Hindus constituted 22% of the Pakistani population (this includes East Pakistan, modern day Bangladesh),which made Dominion of Pakistan second biggest Hindu-population country after India.[4][5][6] In the 1951 census, West Pakistan had 15% Hindu population,[7] while East Pakistan (modern Bangladesh) had 32%.[3][4] This exchange of population had different impact within Pakistan itself. The migration of Hindus and Sikh from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab to India and the settlement of Muslim Punjabis from India in Punjab created homogeneity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. Balochistan remained unaffected but exchange of population but shook the demographic balance in Sindh. Approximately 1.8 million Sindhi Hindus left for India and 3 million mainly Urdu speaking North Indian Muslim refugees settled mainly in urban Sindh. In 1954, Urdu speakers constituted 20% of the population of Sindh. Unlike the refugees settling in Punjab who spoke the same language and shared the same lifestyles the North Indian Muslims settling in Sindh were socially, linguistically, culturally, politically and economically different from Sindhis.
Post Independence
The Intercensal growth rates between 1951 and 1981 indicated a rise in the population growth rate in the 1960s and 1970s largely attributed to the sharp declines in mortality seen in the 1950s and 1960s, which were not followed by any decline in fertility in those decades. Intercensal growth rates actually peaked in the 1961-72 period and continued at fairly high levels in 1972-81 after which they began to decline. The 1981-98 period records a decline to 2.6 indicating that growth rates in the last few years of the 17 years intercensal period are likely to have been lower.[8] Pakistan’s fertility decline is a consequence of the rising age at marriage (for women, this increased from 16 to 23 between 1961 and 2007) and the “widespread recourse” to abortions.[9]
Yearly population
Pakistan's yearly population from 1950 to 2014.[10]
| Year | Population | Absolute increase | Percentage increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 40,381,000 | ||
| 1951 | 41,347,000 | 965,000 | 2.39 |
| 1952 | 42,342,000 | 995,000 | 2.41 |
| 1953 | 43,372,000 | 1,030,000 | 2.43 |
| 1954 | 44,434,000 | 1,062,000 | 2.45 |
| 1955 | 45,536,000 | 1,102,000 | 2.48 |
| 1956 | 46,680,000 | 1,144,000 | 2.51 |
| 1957 | 47,869,000 | 1,189,000 | 2.55 |
| 1958 | 49,104,000 | 1,235,000 | 2.58 |
| 1959 | 50,387,000 | 1,283,000 | 2.61 |
| 1960 | 51,719,000 | 1,332,000 | 2.64 |
| 1961 | 53,101,000 | 1,382,000 | 2.67 |
| 1962 | 54,524,000 | 1,423,000 | 2.68 |
| 1963 | 55,988,000 | 1,464,000 | 2.69 |
| 1964 | 57,495,000 | 1,507,000 | 2.69 |
| 1965 | 59,046,000 | 1,551,000 | 2.70 |
| 1966 | 60,642,000 | 1,596,000 | 2.70 |
| 1967 | 62,282,000 | 1,640,000 | 2.70 |
| 1968 | 63,970,000 | 1,688,000 | 2.71 |
| 1969 | 65,706,000 | 1,736,000 | 2.71 |
| 1970 | 67,491,000 | 1,785,000 | 2.72 |
| 1971 | 69,326,000 | 1,835,000 | 2.72 |
| 1972 | 71,121,000 | 1,795,000 | 2.59 |
| 1973 | 72,912,000 | 1,791,000 | 2.52 |
| 1974 | 74,712,000 | 1,800,000 | 2.47 |
| 1975 | 76,456,000 | 1,744,000 | 2.33 |
| 1976 | 78,153,000 | 1,697,000 | 2.22 |
| 1977 | 80,051,000 | 1,898,000 | 2.43 |
| 1978 | 82,374,000 | 2,323,000 | 2.90 |
| 1979 | 85,219,000 | 2,845,000 | 3.45 |
| 1980 | 88,097,000 | 2,878,000 | 3.38 |
| 1981 | 90,975,000 | 2,878,000 | 3.27 |
| 1982 | 94,096,000 | 3,121,000 | 3.43 |
| 1983 | 96,881,000 | 2,785,000 | 2.96 |
| 1984 | 99,354,000 | 2,473,000 | 2.55 |
| 1985 | 102,079,000 | 2,725,000 | 2.74 |
| 1986 | 105,240,000 | 3,161,000 | 3.10 |
| 1987 | 108,584,000 | 3,344,000 | 3.18 |
| 1988 | 112,021,000 | 3,437,000 | 3.17 |
| 1989 | 115,419,000 | 3,398,000 | 3.03 |
| 1990 | 118,816,000 | 3,397,000 | 2.94 |
| 1991 | 122,248,000 | 3,432,000 | 2.89 |
| 1992 | 124,962,000 | 2,714,000 | 2.22 |
| 1993 | 127,563,000 | 2,601,000 | 2.08 |
| 1994 | 130,746,000 | 3,183,000 | 2.50 |
| 1995 | 134,185,000 | 3,439,000 | 2.63 |
| 1996 | 137,911,000 | 3,726,000 | 2.78 |
| 1997 | 141,445,000 | 3,534,000 | 2.56 |
| 1998 | 144,885,000 | 3,440,000 | 2.43 |
| 1999 | 148,379,000 | 3,494,000 | 2.41 |
| 2000 | 152,429,000 | 4,050,000 | 2.73 |
| 2001 | 156,795,000 | 4,366,000 | 2.86 |
| 2002 | 160,269,000 | 3,474,000 | 2.22 |
| 2003 | 163,166,000 | 2,897,000 | 1.81 |
| 2004 | 166,224,000 | 3,058,000 | 1.87 |
| 2005 | 169,279,000 | 3,055,000 | 1.84 |
| 2006 | 172,382,000 | 3,103,000 | 1.83 |
| 2007 | 175,495,000 | 3,113,000 | 1.81 |
| 2008 | 178,479,000 | 2,984,000 | 1.70 |
| 2009 | 181,457,000 | 2,978,000 | 1.67 |
| 2010 | 184,405,000 | 2,948,000 | 1.62 |
| 2011 | 187,343,000 | 2,938,000 | 1.59 |
| 2012 | 190,284,285 | 2,941,285 | 1.57 |
| 2013 | 193,271,748 | 2,987,463 | 1.55 |
| 2014 | 196,228,805 | 2,957,057 | 1.53 |
See also
- Census in Pakistan
- 1901 Census of the North West Frontier Province
- 1911 Census of the North West Frontier Province
- 1998 Pakistan Census
References
- ↑ "Muslims in Indian army".
- ↑ "Migration from East Pakistan(1951-1961)" (PDF).
- 1 2 http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf
- 1 2 Census of Pakistan, 1951
- ↑ Hindu masjids by Prafull Goradia, 2002 "In 1951, Muslims were 77 percent and Hindus were 22 percent."
- ↑ Islam in Bangladesh — U. A. B. Razia Akter Banu — Google Books. Books.google.co.in. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
- ↑ "Protecting Pakistan's Hindus".
- ↑ FERTILITY IN PAKISTAN: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
- ↑ Pakistan's Demographics - Woodrow Wilson International
- ↑ US Census:International Data Base (IDB)
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