Demographics of Fiji

Demographics of Fiji
Population	903,207 (2014 est.)
Density	49.4/km^2
Birth rate	19.8 (2014 est.)
Death rate	6.0 (2014 est.)
Life expectancy	72.1 (2014 est.)
• male	69.5
• female	74.9
Fertility rate	2.5 (2014 est.)
Infant mortality rate	10.2 (2014 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years	28.2% (2014 est.)
15–64 years	66.0 (2014 est.)
65 and over	5.6% (2014 est.)
Sex ratio
Total	1.03 males/females (2014 est.)
At birth	1.05 males/females (2014 est.)
Under 15	1.05 males/females (2014 est.)
15–64 years	1.04 males/females (2014 est.)
65 and over	0.85 males/females (2014 est.)
Nationality
Nationality	noun Fijian(s), adj. Fijian
Major ethnic	56.8% Itaukei (2007 est.)
Minor ethnic	37.5% Indian, 1.2% Rotuman (2007 est.)
Language
Official	English, Fijian
Spoken	Hindustani

The demographic characteristics of the population of Fiji are known through censuses, usually conducted in ten-year intervals, and has been analysed by statistical bureaus since the 1880s. The Fijian Bureau of Statistics (FBOS) has performed this task since 1996, the first enumerated Fiji census when an independent country. The 2007 census found that the permanent population of Fiji was 837,000. The population density at the time was 45.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, and the overall life expectancy in Fiji was 72.1 years. Since the 1930s the population of Fiji has increased at a rate of 1.1% per year. Since the 1950s, Fiji's birth rate has continuously exceeded its death rate. The population is dominated by the 15–64 age segment. The median age of the population was 27.9, and the gender ratio of the total population was 1.03 males per 1 female.

Indigenous Fijians, the native inhabitants of Fiji, are a mixture of Polynesian and Melanesian, resulting from the original migrations to the South Pacific over time. The Indo-Fijian population increased rapidly from the 61,000 people brought from India between 1879 and 1916 to work in the sugarcane fields, many who later would lease/own the sugar cane plantations. Thousands more Indians migrated voluntarily in the 1920s and 1930s and formed the core of Fiji's business class.

In 1977 The Economist reported that ethnic Fijians were a minority of 255,000, in a total population of 600,000 of which fully half were of Indian descent, with the remainder Chinese, European and of mixed ancestry.^[1] Fiji shares with Kazakhstan the distinction of its indigenous ethnic group having been a minority in its own country in recent history but having since regained its majority, in both cases due to large-scale emigration and lower birth rates of the non-indigenous ethnic population.

The native Fijians live throughout the country, while the Indo-Fijians reside primarily near the urban centres and in the cane-producing areas of the two main islands. Nearly all of the indigenous Fijians are Christian, with some two-thirds being Methodist. The Indo-Fijians, by contrast, have a similar religious mix as their homeland: some 77 percent of the Indo-Fijians are Hindu, with a further 16 percent being Muslim and 6 percent Christian. There are also a few Sikhs.

A national census is supposed to be conducted every ten years, but the census intended for 2006 was postponed until 2007. Finance Minister Ratu Jone Kubuabola announced on 27 October 2005 that the Cabinet had decided that it would not be in the country's interest to have a census and a general election in the same year. "Peoples’ focus on the elections could have an impact on their cooperation with census officials", he said. The Statistics Office supported Kubuabola's announcement, saying that public interest in the general election would likely distract people's attention from the census, making it problematic to conduct.

Ethnic groups

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1881	127,486	—
1891	121,180	−4.9%
1901	120,124	−0.9%
1911	139,541	+16.2%
1921	157,266	+12.7%
1936	198,379	+26.1%
1946	259,638	+30.9%
1956	345,737	+33.2%
1966	476,727	+37.9%
1976	588,068	+23.4%
1986	715,375	+21.6%
1996	775,077	+8.3%
2007	837,271	+8.0%

According to the 2007 Census of Fiji, the number of Fijians increased from 393,575 to 475,739, while the number of Indians decreased from 338,818 to 313,798.^[2] According to government statistics, the latest estimated population of Indigenous Fijians is counted at 511,838, while there are 290,129 Indians and 56,071 Others (January 2012).^[3]

Religions (1996 census)

Religion	Indigenous Fijian		Indo-Fijian		Others		TOTAL
	393,575	%	338,818	%	42,684	%	775,077	%
Methodist	261,972	66.6	5,432	1.6	13,224	31.0	280,628	36.2
Roman Catholic	52,163	13.3	3,520	1.0	13,637	31.9	69,320	8.9
Assemblies of God	24,717	6.2	4,620	1.4	1,735	4.1	31,072	4.0
Seventh-day Adventist	19,896	5.1	572	0.2	1,719	4.0	22,187	2.9
Anglican	2,508	0.6	1,208	0.4	2,609	6.2	6,325	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	4,815	1.2	486	0.1	801	1.9	6,102	0.8
CMF (Every Home)	5,149	1.3	269	0.1	255	0.6	5,673	0.7
Latter Day Saints	2,253	0.6	633	0.2	589	1.4	3,475	0.4
Apostolic	2,237	0.6	250	0.1	106	0.2	2,593	0.3
Gospel	618	0.2	514	0.2	222	0.5	1,354	0.2
Baptist	695	0.2	382	0.1	219	0.5	1,296	0.2
Salvation Army	628	0.2	251	0.1	110	0.3	989	0.1
Presbyterian	105	0.0	90	0.0	188	0.4	383	0.0
Other Christian	12,624	3.2	2,492	0.7	2,969	7.0	18,085	2.3
All Christians	390,380	99.2	20,719	6.1	38,383	89.9	449,482	58.0
Sanatan	551	0.1	193,061	57.0	315	0.7	193,927	25.0
Arya Samaj	44	0.0	9,493	2.8	27	0.1	9,564	1.2
Kabir Panthi	43	0.0	73	0.0	2	0.0	118	0.0
Satya Sai Baba	7	0.0	52	0.0	1	0.0	60	0.0
Other Hindu	219	0.1	57,096	16.9	113	0.3	57,428	7.4
All Hindus	864	0.2	259,775	76.7	458	1.1	261,097	33.7
Sunni Islam	175	0.0	32,082	9.5	94	0.2	32,351	4.2
Ahmadiya	18	0.0	1,944	0.6	14	0.0	1,976	0.3
Other Muslim	131	0.0	19,727	5.8	138	0.3	19,996	2.6
All Muslims	324	0.1	53,753	15.9	246	0.6	54,323	7.0
Sikh	0	0.0	3,076	0.9	0	0.0	3,076	0.4
Bahá'í	389	0.1	25	0.0	149	0.3	563	0.1
Confucianism	8	0.0	21	0.0	336	0.8	365	0.0
Other religions	61	0.0	314	0.1	664	1.6	1,039	0.1
No religion†	1,549	0.4	1,135	0.3	2,448	5.7	5,132	0.7

† Includes atheists and agnostics.

Source: Fiji Statistics Department

As of the end of 2006 the LDS church reports 14,448 members in Fiji, which equal about 1.4% of the population. The LDS church also operates a temple in Fiji.

Births and deaths^[4]

Year	Population (x1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase	Crude birth rate	Crude death rate	Rate of natural increase	TFR
2009		18 166			21,5

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population: 827,900^[5]

Age structure:
0-14 years: 33% (male 141,779; female 136,212)
15-64 years: 63% (male 263,127; female 262,686)
65 years and over: 4% (male 13,405; female 15,285) (2000 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.40% (2006 est.)

Birth rate: 23.48 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Death rate: 5.78 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Net migration rate: -3.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 14.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 estimate)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 67.94 years
male: 65.54 years
female: 70.45 years (2000 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.89 children born/woman (2000 est.) 2.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Fijian(s)
adjective: Fijian

Languages: English, Fijian, Hindustani have official status under the 1997 Constitution and Malayalam.

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91.6%
male: 93.8%
female: 89.3% (1995 est.)

References

1. The Economist, Sept. 10, 1977, p. 76
2. http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/
3. http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Key%20Stats/Population/1.2%20pop%20by%20ethnicity.pdf
4. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
5. Provisional results - 2007 Population and Housing Census - Fiji Government Online

Further reading

• Bahadur, Gaiutra. Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. The University of Chicago (2014) ISBN 978-0-226-21138-1

External links

• Fiji Government Website