Demographics of Madras Presidency

Census superintendent and enumerators in Pasumalai, Madras Presidency, circa 1911

The first census of the Madras Presidency was taken in the year 1822.[1] It returned a population of 13,476,923.[1] The second census conducted in 1836-37 returned a population of 13,967,395, an increase of only 490,472 in 15 years.[1] The first quinquennial enumeration of the population was made in 1851-52. It returned a population of 22,031,697.[1] Subsequent enumerations were made in 1856-57, 1861–62 and 1866-67. The population of Madras Presidency was found to be 22,857,855 in 1851-52, 24,656,509 in 1861-62 and 26,539,052 in 1866-67.[1]

The first organized census of India was conducted in 1871. It returned a population of 31,220,973 for Madras Presidency. Since then, a census has been conducted once every ten years. The last census of British India held in 1941 returned a population of 49,341,810 for Madras Presidency.

Districts of the Madras Presidency
District District Headquarters Area (in square miles) Year of incorporation Population
1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941
Anantapur Anantapur 5,557 1800 741,255 599,899 727,725 788,254 963,223 1,166,255
Bellary Bellary 5,714 1800 911,755 726,275 880,950 947,214 969,436
Chingleput Saidapet 5,079 1763 938,184 981,381 1,202,928 1,312,122 1,321,000
Coimbatore Coimbatore 7,860 1799 1,763,274 1,657,690 2,004,839 2,201,752
Cuddapah Cuddapah 8,723 1800 1,351,194 1,121,038 1,272,072 1,291,267
East Godavari[2] Cocanada 1765 - - - - - - 1,756,477 1,976,743
Ganjam[3] Berhampur 8,372 1765 1,520,088 1,749,604 1,896,803 2,010,256 -
Godavari[2] Cocanada 7,972 1765 1,592,939 1,791,512 2,078,782 2,301,759 1,530,000 2,583,250 - -
Kistna Masulipatam 8,498 1765/1801 1,452,374 1,548,480 1,855,582 2,154,803 1,997,535
Kurnool Kurnool 7,878 1800 914,432 678,551 817,811 872,055 889,000
Madras Madras 27 1639 367,552 405,848 452,518 509,346 518,660 526,000 645,000 776,000
Madura Madura 8,701 1761/1790/1801 2,266,615 2,168,680 2,608,404 2,831,280 1,861,000
Malabar Calicut 5,795 1792 2,261,250 2,365,035 2,652,565 2,800,555 3,015,119
Nellore Nellore 8,761 1781 1,376,811 1,220,236 1,463,736 1,496,987 1,296,000
Nilgiris Ootacamund 958 1799 49,501 91,034 99,797 111,437 80,000
North Arcot Chittoor 7,386 1781/1801 2,015,278 1,817,814 2,114,4872,207,712 1,822,000
Salem Salem 7,530 1792 1,966,995 1,599,595 1,962,591 2,204,974 1,766,680
South Arcot Cuddalore 5,217 1781/1801 1,755,817 1,814,738 2,162,851 2,349,894 2,272,000
South Kanara Mangalore 4,021 1799 918,362 959,514 1,056,081 1,134,713
Tanjore Tanjore 3,710 1799 1,973,731 2,130,383 2,228,114 2,245,029 2,362,639 2,326,265 2,385,920 2,563,375
Tinnevely Tinnevely 5,389 1761/1801 1,693,959 1,699,747 1,916,095 2,059,607
Trichinopoly Trichinopoly 2,632 1781/1801 1,200,408 1,215,033 1,372,717 1,444,770
Vizagapatam Waltair 17,222 1794 2,159,199 2,485,141 2,802,992 2,933,650 2,231,874
West Godavari[2] Eluru 1765 - - - - - -
Total Madras 141,705 31,220,973 30,827,218 35,630,440 38,209,436 41,870,16042,794,155 46,740,107[2] 49,341,810[3]
Princely States of Madras Presidency
Banganapalle Banganapalle 255 45,208 30,754 34,596 32,264 39,344 36,692 39,218 44,592
Cochin Cochin 1,362 601,114 600,278 722,906 812,025 979,080 918,110 1,205,0161,422,875
Pudukkottai Pudukkottai 1,100 316,695 302,127 373,096 380,440 411,886 426,313 400,694438,648
Sandur Sandur 161 14,996 10,532 11,388 11,200 13,517 11,665 13,583 15,814
Travancore Trivandrum 7,091 2,311,379 2,401,158 2,557,736 2,952,157 3,428,9754,006,062 5,095,9736,070,018
Total 9,969 3,285,938 align="right"
Source: The Imperial Gazetteer of India

Cities

Position 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941
1 Madras (367,552) Madras (405,848) Madras (452,518) Madras (509,346) Madras (518,660) Madras (526,911) Madras (647,232) Madras (777,481)
2 Trichinopoly (76,530) Trichinopoly (84,449) Trichinopoly (90,609) Madura (105,984) Madura (134,130) Madura (138,894) Madura (182,018) Madura (239,144)
3 Tanjore (52,171) Madura (73,807) Madura (87,428) Trichinopoly (104,721) Trichinopoly (123,512) Trichinopoly (120,422) Trichinopoly (142,843)Trichinopoly (159,566)
4 Madura (51,987) Calicut (57,085) Salem (67,710) Calicut (76,981) Calicut (82,334) Calicut (78,417) Salem (102,179) Coimbatore (130,348)
5 Bellary (51,766) Tanjore (54,745) Calicut (66,078) Salem (70,621) Kumbakonam (64,647) Coimbatore (65,788) Calicut (99,273) Salem (129,702)
6 Salem (50,012) Negapatam (53,855) Bellary (59,447) Kumbakonam (59,673) Tanjore (60,341) Conjeevaram (61,376) Coimbatore (95,198) Calicut (126,352)
7 Negapatam (48,525) Bellary (53,460) Negapatam (59,221) Bellary (58,247) Negapatam (60,168) Kumbakonam (60,700) Tanjore (66,889) Bezawada (86,184)
8 Calicut (48,338) Salem (50,667) Tanjore (54,390) Tanjore (57,870) Salem (59,152) Tanjore (59,913) Mangalore (66,756) Mangalore (81,609)
9 Kumbakonam (44,444) Kumbakonam (54,307) Kumbakonam (54,307) Negapatam (57,190) Cuddalore (56,574) Negapatam (54,016) Cocanada (65,952) Tuticorin (75,614)
10 Cuddalore (40,300) Cuddalore (43,564) Cuddalore (47,355) Coimbatore (53,080) Cocanada (54,410) Mangalore (53,877) Kumbakonam (62,317) Vizagapatam (70,243)

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Official Administration of the Madras Presidency, Pg 327
  2. 1 2 3 4 In 1925, Godavari district was bifurcated into West Godavari and East Godavari districts
  3. 1 2 Ganjam district was transferred to the newly formed province of Orissa in 1936
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