Dharma Ratna Yami

Dharma Ratna Yami

Yami speaking at a meeting of the Nepali Young Buddhist Council in Kathmandu in 1965.

Dharma Ratna Yami (Devanagari: धर्म रत्न यमि) (born Dharma Ratna Tuladhar) (18 August 1915 – 10 September 1975) was a Nepalese freedom fighter, author and government deputy minister known for his radical views on social mores.^[1]

He changed his surname to Yami (meaning an inhabitant of Kathmandu in Nepal Bhasa) to avoid confusion with another Dharma Ratna when a Buddhist monk asked them which was which.^[2]

Early life

Yami was born to father Bhawani Ratna and mother Devi Maya Tuladhar at Asan Kamalachhi (Newar: कमलाछि), Kathmandu. His was an affluent merchant family which was made penniless after the government confiscated their property for failing to fulfill a procurement contract.^[3] Yami was schooled at home. In 1930, he traveled to Lhasa and worked in the business house of Dharma Man Tuladhar. In Tibet, he came in contact with Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan; and under his influence and inspiration, he studied books on various subjects and began writing himself.^[4]

Political activities and imprisonment

Returning to Kathmandu in 1937, he joined the democracy movement against the autocratic Rana regime.^[5] He was arrested in 1940 and sentenced to 18 years in prison and his property was impounded. Following his release after serving five years, he married Heera Devi Kansakar. On 15 August 1947, both Yami and his wife were arrested for organizing a meeting to mark India's independence from Britain. Yami's wife was freed after a few days while he remained in jail for six more months.

In 1948, he became a founder member of the Nepal Democratic Congress Party which was for overthrowing the Rana regime by any means, including armed uprising. In 1950, it combined with the Nepali National Congress and became the Nepali Congress which launched an armed struggle against the Ranas. Yami was arrested again and spent 16 months behind bars. He was freed in February 1951 after the Rana regime was abolished and democracy established in Nepal.^[6][7]

In November 1951, the first government in Nepal led by a commoner prime minister was formed, and Yami was appointed Deputy Forest Minister by Prime Minister Matrika Prasad Koirala. According to Koirala, Yami was inducted into the cabinet at the insistence of King Tribhuvan because of his experience in Tibet and social work, and that somebody from the Buddhist community of the Kathmandu Valley should be included in it.^[8][9]

Following the political changes in 1960 when parliament was dissolved and political parties were banned,^[10] he was put under house arrest for a few months at Shree Mahal. Yami was nominated to the Rastriya Panchayat (legislature) in 1962.^[11]

Social activist

Yami was an outspoken nonconformist and challenged the social norms of the day like untouchability. He demanded in Parliament that laws related to caste and ethnicity be scrapped, but the proposal was rejected.^[12] In 1969, a year after his wife died, he remarried outside his caste a Bahun woman named Sabitri Devi Dahal. He also hired a woman from a so-called untouchable caste as a cook in his kitchen, an unthinkable act in those days. His radical social and political views have led his contemporaries like missionary Father Marshall D. Moran, SJ to describe him as the most informative and interesting person in Kathmandu.^[13] Yami died in Kathmandu in 1975 at the age of 60.

Publications

Sandeyā Lisah

Lhasa Bolchhe

Yami was a prolific and multilingual writer and has published 21 books including novels, epics and an anthology of poems in Nepal Bhasa, Nepali, English and Hindi. He has been jailed for his writings because the government found them subversive.^[14][15] Notable works:

Nepal Bhasa

• Sandeyā Lisah (सँदेया लिस: "Tibet's reply") is an epic about an unfulfilled love affair between a Newar merchant in Lhasa and a Tibetan girl. Yami wrote it when he was in prison for the third time in 1950, and it was first published in 1952. A Nepali translation by Durga Lal Shrestha appeared in 2013 under the title Lhasa Bolchhe.^[16]
• Biswantarayā Machā Dān ("Biswantara gives away his children"), an epic based on the Vessantara Jataka, a Buddhist tale, published in 1952.
• Arhat Nanda, an epic, published in 1953.
• Lithu ("Second wife"), a novel, published in 1958.
• Bhrikuti, a novel based on the story of a seventh-century Nepalese princess named Bhrikuti who married Tibetan king Songtsän Gampo. It was awarded the Shrestha Sirapa in 1959.^[17]
• Ang Lhāmo, a novel that recounts the saga of a Tibetan girl named Ang Lhamo against a backdrop of the Chinese entry into Tibet in the early 1950s. The first edition published in 1970 by Pasa Muna was banned by the Nepalese government.^[18] A second edition appeared in 1992, published by Paleswan Pithana, Kathmandu.

Nepali

• Jagatjyoti, an epic based on the Buddha's life story.
• Nepāl kā Kurā, a critical history of Nepal.
• Bauddha Darshan ko Ruprekhā, a work on Buddhist philosophy.
• Gāndhi Gaurav, memoirs.

References

1. Shrestha, Manik Lal. "Great 'Unassuming Heroines' Of Nepalese Revolution". The Rising Nepal. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
2. Shrestha, Kesar Lall (November 2010). "Heera Devi Yami: A Woman of Substance", Matina. Page 11.
3. Shrestha, Kesar Lall (November 2010). "Heera Devi Yami: A Woman of Substance", Matina. Page 12.
4. Dharma Ratna Yami Smriti Grantha (August 1989).
5. Shrestha, Manik Lal. "Great 'Unassuming Heroines' Of Nepalese Revolution". The Rising Nepal. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
6. Dharma Ratna Yami Smriti Grantha (August 1989).
7. Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.) (1991). "The Return of the King". Nepal: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
8. Joshi, Bhuwan Lal; Rose, Leo E. (1966). Democratic innovations in Nepal: a case study of political acculturation. University of California Press. p. 93. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
9. Koirala, Matrika Prasad (August 1989). "Swa. Dharma Ratna ra Ma: Ek Sansmaran [Late Dharma Ratna and Me: A Recollection]". Dharma Ratna Yami Smriti Grantha. p. 57.
10. "Important Landmarks". nepalicongress.org. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
11. Shakya, Ratna Sundar (1994). Svatantratā senānī Dharmaratna "Yami". Bhaktapur: Bauddha Sangha Bhaktapur. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
12. Kisāna, Yāmabahādura (2005). The Nepali Dalit Social Movement. Legal Rights Protection Society. p. 62. ISBN 9789994635191. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
13. Moran, SJ, Marshall D. (August 1989). "He was a Ratna - a Jewel", Dharma Ratna Yami Smriti Grantha (English Section). Page 1.
14. Lienhard, Siegfried (1992). Songs of Nepal: An Anthology of Nevar Folksongs and Hymns. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. ISBN 81-208-0963-7. Page 4.
15. Dharma Ratna Yami Smriti Grantha (August 1989).
16. "PM Claims 'Formation of CJ's Govt in a Few Days'". imagechannels.com. 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
17. "List of authors honored by Shrestha Sirapa". 27 April 2007. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
18. Dharma Ratna Yami Smriti Grantha (August 1989).