Speaker diarisation

Speaker diarisation (or diarization) is the process of partitioning an input audio stream into homogeneous segments according to the speaker identity. It can enhance the readability of an automatic speech transcription by structuring the audio stream into speaker turns and, when used together with speaker recognition systems, by providing the speaker’s true identity.^[1] It is used to answer the question "who spoke when?"^[2] Speaker diarisation is a combination of speaker segmentation and speaker clustering. The first aims at finding speaker change points in an audio stream. The second aims at grouping together speech segments on the basis of speaker characteristics.

With the increasing number of broadcasts, meeting recordings and voice mail collected every year, speaker diarisation has received much attention by the speech community, as is manifested by the specific evaluations devoted to it under the auspices of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for telephone speech, broadcast news and meetings.^[3]

Main types of diarisation systems

In speaker diarisation one of the most popular methods is to use a Gaussian mixture model to model each of the speakers, and assign the corresponding frames for each speaker with the help of a Hidden Markov Model. There are two main kinds of clustering scenario. The first one is by far the most popular and is called Bottom-Up. The algorithm starts in splitting the full audio content in a succession of clusters and progressively tries to merge the redundant clusters in order to reach a situation where each cluster corresponds to a real speaker. The second clustering strategy is called top-down and starts with one single cluster for all the audio data and tries to split it iteratively until reaching a number of clusters equal to the number of speakers. The last recent review can be found at

Open source speaker diarisation software

There are some open source initiatives for speaker diarisation:

• ALIZE Speaker Diarization: ALIZE Diarization System, developed at the University Of Avignon, a release 2.0 is available .
• SpkDiarization: LIUM_SpkDiarization tool .
• Audioseg: AudioSeg is a toolkit dedicated to audio segmentation and classification of audio streams. .
• SHoUT: SHoUT is a software package developed at the University of Twente to aid speech recognition research. SHoUT is a Dutch acronym for Speech Recognition Research at the University of Twente.
• pyAudioAnalysis: Python Audio Analysis Library: Feature Extraction, Classification, Segmentation and Applications

References

1. Zhu, Xuan; Barras, Claude; Meignier, Sylvain; Gauvain, Jean-Luc. "Improved speaker diarization using speaker identification". Retrieved 2012-01-25.
2. Kotti, Margarita; Moschou, Vassiliki; Kotropoulos, Constantine. "Speaker Segmentation and Clustering" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-01-25.
3. "Rich Transcription Evaluation Project". NIST. Retrieved 2012-01-25.

Bibliography

• Anguera, Xavier (2012). Speaker diarization: A review of recent research. TALSP. ISSN 1558-7916. External link in |title= (help)
• Beigi, Homayoon (2011). Fundamentals of Speaker Recognition. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-77591-3. External link in |title= (help)