Xiandai Hanyu Cidian
| Author |
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Research Institutes of Language Department of Dictionary |
|---|---|
| Country |
 China |
| Language | Chinese |
| Genre | Dictionary |
| Publisher | Commercial Press (Beijing) |
Publication date |
December 1978 (1st edition) June 2012 (6th edition) |
| Pages | 1789 pages |
| ISBN | 9787100084673 |
Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (simplified Chinese: 现代汉语词典; traditional Chinese: 現代漢語詞典; pinyin: Xiàndài Hànyǔ Cídiǎn), also known as the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary, is an authoritative one-volume Chinese language dictionary published by the Commercial Press, now into its 6th (2012) edition. It was originally edited by Lü Shuxiang and Ding Shengshu as a reference work on modern Standard Chinese. Compilation started in 1958 and trial editions were issued in 1960 and 1965, with a number of copies printed in 1973 for internal circulation and comments, but due to the Cultural Revolution the final draft was not completed until the end of 1977, and the first formal edition was not published until December 1978. It was the first People's Republic of China dictionary to be arranged according to Hanyu Pinyin, the phonetic standard for Standard Chinese, with explanatory notes in simplified Chinese. The subsequent second through sixth editions were respectively published in 1983, 1996, 2002, 2005, and 2012.
The first edition of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian won China's First National Book Award and was compiled as an authoritative reference work for modern native Chinese speakers. Although Xiandai Hanyu Cidian is not as comprehensive as the multi-volumed Hanyu Da Cidian, the single-volume dictionary is popular, especially amongst students at tertiary levels and the general populace. In comparison, the more compactly sized Xinhua Zidian tends to target native learners at the primary to secondary levels.
The sixth edition contains about 69,000 entries including characters, words and expressions, idiomatic phrases and idioms. The dictionary is also available in digital format on CD-ROMs and Traditional Chinese digital versions.
Editions
| Edition | Release date | Number of entries | ISBN |
| Trial | 1960 | Unknown | - |
| Trial | 1965 | Unknown | - |
| 1st | 1978 | 56,000 | National Standard Book Number of China 17017-91 |
| 2nd | 1983 | 56,000 | ISBN 7-100-00044-0 |
| 3rd | 1996 | 60,000 | ISBN 9787100017770 |
| 4th | 2002 | 61,000 | ISBN 9787100034777 |
| 5th | 26 July 2005 | 65,000 | ISBN 9787100043854 |
| 6th | 1 June 2012 | 69,000 | ISBN 9787100084673 |
New entries in the 6th edition
| Type of entries | Examples | Respective Pronunciation (in Pinyin) | Remarks | Respective English Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic | 产业链, 环比, 负资产, 第一桶金, 民营企业, 非公有制经济, 文化产业 | Chǎnyèliàn, Huánbǐ, Fù zīchǎn, Dìyī tǒng jīn, Mínyíng qǐyè, Fēi gōngyǒuzhì jīngjì, Wénhuà chǎnyè | 第一桶金 Dìyī tǒng jīn = First bucket of gold = The first big sum of money a successful enterpriser earns | Industrial chain, Compared with the last same statistical period, Negative asset, First bucket of gold, Non-public-ownership sector, Cultural industry |
| Social management | 医疗保险, 医改, 民调, 首问制, 调峰, 限行, 摇号, 调节税 | Yīliáo bǎoxiǎn, Yīgǎi, Míndiào, Shǒuwènzhì, Diào fēng, Xiànxíng, Yáohào, Tiáojié shuì | Health insurance, Healthcare reform, poll, First asked responsibility system, Variably load, Traffic restrictions based on last digit on license plate, Lottery no. of purchasing vehicles, Regulatory tax | |
| Daily life | 产权证, 房贷, 群租, 二手房, 廉租房, 两限房, 动车, 屏蔽门, 高铁, 轨道交通, 车贷, 车险, 代驾, 酒驾, 醉驾 | Chǎnquán zhèng, Fángdài, Qúnzū, Èrshǒu fáng, Liánzūfáng, Liǎngxiànfáng, Dòngchē, Píngbìmén, Gāotiě, Guǐdào Jiāotōng, Chēdài, Chēxiǎn, Dàijià, Jiǔjià, Zuìjià | Property right certificate, Mortgage, Group-oriented leasing, Second-hand house, Low rent housing, Apartment with double limitations, Bullet train, platform screen door, China Railway High-Speed (CRH), Urban rail traffic, Car loan, Automobile insurance, Designated driver after you drink, Drunk driving, Drunken driving | |
| New lifestyle | 拼车, 拼购, 团购, 网购, 网聊, 瘦身, 塑身, 茶叙, 自驾游, 自助游, 背包客 | Pīnchē, Pīn'gòu, Tuángòu, Wǎnggòu, Wǎngliáo, Shòushēn, Sùshēn, Cháxù, Zìjiàyóu, Zìzhùyóu, Bèibāokè | Carpooling, Shopping sharing, Group purchase, Online shopping, Online chat, Slimming, Body shaping, Tea gathering, Self-driving tour, DIY travel, Backpacker | |
| IT and Internet | 播客, 博客, 博文, 跟帖, 超媒体, 电子书, 电子政务, 内联网, 物联网, 网评, 网瘾, 微博, 云计算 | Bòkè, Bókè, Bówén, Gēntiē, Chāoméitǐ, Diànzǐ shū,Diànzǐ zhèngwù, Nèiliánwǎng, Wùliánwǎng, Wǎngpíng, Wǎngyǐn, Wēibó, Yúnjìsuàn | Podcast, Blog, Blog article, Follow-up comment, Hypermedia, E-book, E-government, Intranet, Internet of things, Net comment, Internet addiction, Weibo (Microblogging), Cloud computing | |
| Starting with the Western alphabet | CPI, PPI, PM2.5, ETC, ECFA, FTA | Read according to Western pronunciation | Consumer Price Index, Producer Price Index, Particulate Matter 2.5, Electronic Toll Collection, Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, Free Trade Agreement | |
| Loanwords from English | 晒, 博客, 微博, 丁克, 粉丝, 嘉年华, 桑拿, 舍宾, 斯诺克, 脱口秀 | Shài, Bókè, Wēibó, Dīngkè, Fěnsī, Jiā'niánhuá, Sāngná, Shěbīn, Sīnuòkè, Tuōkǒuxiù | Share, Blog, Microblogging, DINK, fan, Carnival, Sauna, Shaping, Snooker, Talk show | |
| Loanwords from Japanese | 刺身, 定食, 寿司, 天妇罗, 榻榻米, 通勤, 手帐, 数独, 宅急送 | Cìshēn, Dìngshí, Shòusī, Tiānfùluō, Tàtàmǐ, Tōngqín, Shǒuzhàng, Shùdú, Zháijísòng | 刺身 (さしみ Sashimi); 定食 (ていしょく Teishoku); 寿司 (すし Sushi); 天妇罗 (Kanji: 天婦羅, てんぷら Tenpura); Tàtàmǐ 榻榻米 (Japanese: 畳, たたみ Tatami); 通勤 (つうきん Tsūkin); 手帐 (Kanji: 手帳, てちょう Techō); 数独 (すうどく Sūdoku); 宅急送 (たくきゅうそう Taku kyūsō) | Sashimi, Teishoku (set meal), Sushi, Tempura, Tatami (Japanese mat), Commute, Notebook, Sudoku, Home delivery |
| Terms from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau | 八卦, 搞掂(or 搞定), 狗仔队, 无厘头, 手信, 饮茶 | Bāguà, gǎo diān (or gǎodìng), gǒuzǎiduì, wúlítóu, shǒuxìn, yǐnchá | Gossip, fix/handle/take care of, paparazzo, funky, hand signal, drink tea along with refreshment | |
| Terms from Taiwan | 软体, 硬体, 网路, 数位, 太空人, 幽浮, 捷运, 呛声, 力挺, 糗, 出糗, 拜票, 谢票, 站台 | Ruǎntǐ, yìngtǐ, wǎnglù, shùwèi, tàikōngrén, yōufú, jiéyùn, qiāngshēng, lìtǐng, qiǔ, chūqiǔ, bàipiào, xièpiào, zhàntái | Software, hardware, network, digital, astronaut, UFO, metro, provoke, in support of, embarrassing, make a fool of oneself, Canvass for votes, thank for votes, show and support |
Traditional Chinese edition
Published in 2001 by the Commercial Press (Hong Kong). It contains about 60,000 entries, all entries labeled with Zhuyin alongside Hanyu Pinyin.
- Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (Traditional Chinese edition) (Chinese:現代漢語詞典（繁體版）) ISBN 9789620702112
- Contemporary Chinese Dictionary - Traditional Chinese CD-ROM Version (Chinese:現代漢語詞典－繁體版光盤) ISBN 9789620702143
Controversies
Xiandai Hanyu Cidian had given discriminatory explanations to certain words and phrases. For example, the word "homosexuality" (simplified Chinese: 同性恋; traditional Chinese: 同性戀; pinyin: Tóngxìngliàn). From the first edition in 1978 (the entry in that edition is 同性恋爱 Tóng xìng liàn ài - literally 'same-sex love') to the fourth edition in 2002 of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian, the definition of the term had been "determined" as "a type of psychological perversion". In the 2005 5th edition, the term was redefined as "sexual behaviour between persons of the same sex", with no obvious discrimination in the content.
In the sixth edition, even though it contains large numbers of new vocabulary, the word 同志 Tóngzhì (Comrade) which is an informal term for "homosexuality", was not included in the dictionary. This could be a sarcastic and ridiculous joke to the Communist Party of China, because this political term is a commonly used form of address in China, e.g. Comrade Hu Jintao, Comrade Wen Jiabao, leading comrades, says Sociology Professor Ding Xueliang of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. [2]
Some researchers say, "Entries starting with the Western alphabet" section in the 6th edition allegedly violated the regulation - "Chinese language publications shall comply with the norms and standards of the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese language" in laws such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language and Publication Control Regulations of the State Council (State Council Act No. 594). The act of using English vocabulary as the main body and using English to substitute Chinese characters, will cause the greatest damage to Chinese characters ever since the romanization of Chinese for a century. It is said to cause a realistic long-term negative impact. [3]
The publisher, the Commercial Press replied that it is just for easy references when looking up the dictionary. The Commercial Press says that in a rule stated in a 2010 document by the State Council Office Secretariat, alphabetical entries recorded in Chinese dictionaries written by state authorities did not have corresponding Chinese translation. Hence, it is absolutely fine to include in dictionaries.[4]
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 3,000 New Entries Added to the Most Popular Chinese Dictionary http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2012-07/15/c_112440614.htm
- ↑ Xiandai Hanyu Cidian sparked rebates for not including the word tongzhi
- ↑ Hundreds of researchers reported new edition of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian for violating the law
- ↑ "Entries like 'NBA' included in Xiandai Hanyu Cidian alledgedly broke the law - Reply: Baseless Accusations". 凤凰网. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
- Fifty years - Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (Chinese: 現代漢語詞典五十年) ISBN 7100042178
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