Diego de Alvarado Huanitzin

Diego de Alvarado Huanitzin
15th tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
1539–1541
Preceded by	Pablo Xochiquentzin
Succeeded by	Diego de San Francisco Tehuetzquititzin
1st Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan
1539–1541
Preceded by	Pablo Xochiquentzin
Succeeded by	Diego de San Francisco Tehuetzquititzin
Tlatoani of Ecatepec
1520–1539
Preceded by	Chimalpilli II
Died	1539
Father	Tezozomoctli Acolnahuacatl
Wife	Francisca de Moctezuma

Don Diego de Alvarado Huanitzin (or Panitzin) was a 16th-century Nahua noble. A grandson of Axayacatl, Nephew of tlatoani Moctezuma II. He was initially the tlatoani (ruler) of Ecatepec before becoming tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, as well as its first governor under the colonial Spanish system of government.

He had been designated governor (tlatoani) of Ecatépec by Moctezuma, in the year 2 Técpatl after the death of Chimalpilli the former tlatoani. Moctezuma was already prisoner of Cortés in Tenochtitlan, the people of Ecatepec accepted him as their ruler and hid him along with his mother.

After the fall of Tenochtitlan, he was one of the five Aztec lords held captive by Cortés along with Cuauhtemoc, the cihuacohuatl Tlacotzin, Oquiztzin, and Motelchiuhtzin. Along them he was also tortured, with his feet burned, because of the gold lost by the Spaniards when they had to flee Tenochtitlan.

Huanitzin was baptized with the Spanish Christian name Diego, and took the surname de Alvarado from his baptismal sponsor — probably Pedro de Alvarado or one of his brothers,^[1] whose uncle with whom they came to America was named Diego de Alvarado.

Cortés took Huanitzin along with many other indigenous rulers in his travel to Honduras. He was spared from execution when Cuauhtemoc was hanged by Cortés along with Tetlepanquetzatzin, tlatoani of Tlacopan and don Pedro Cohuanacochtzin. After the return of Cortés, Huanitzin was released and returned as Tlatoani of Ecatepec, where he ruled 14 years.

As grandson of a former Tlatoani, in the year 7 Tochtli (1538), he was chosen as the first governor of Tenochtitlan (Mexico), by the don Antonio de Mendoza, first viceroy of México. Tenochtitlan had been without official ruler for almost a year.

Don Diego de Alvarado Huanitzin died in 1541. Among his children were doña Juan de Alvarado, who married Huehue Totoquihuaztli, ruler of Tlacopan; don Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin, who later became governor of Tenochtitlan; don Hernando de Alvarado Tezozomoc, an interpreter known today for the Crónica mexicayotl; and doña Isabel, who married Antonio Valeriano, who would also become governor of Tenochtitlan.^[2]

The Mass of St Gregory, possibly by Huanitzin.

Mass of St. Gregory

Huanitzin may have created a featherwork representation of the Mass of Saint Gregory, after a Dutch engraving. Dated 1539, it is the earliest dated work of art in New Spain.^[3]

Notes

1. Lockhart (1992), p.123.
2. Chimalpahin (1997), vol. 1, pp.172–173.
3. Holland, Tracey (2000). "Painting and Mosaic as Didactic Material". Didactic Materials in New Spain at the Time of the Conquest.

References

Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón (1997). Codex Chimalpahin. ed. and tr. by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press. OCLC 36017075.

García Granados, Rafael (1995) [1952]. "4429 Huanitzin, Don Diego de Alvarado". Diccionario biográfico de historia antigua de Méjico. México, D.F.: UNAM. vol. 3, pp. 86–87. ISBN 968-36-4291-8. OCLC 33992435.

Lockhart, James (1996) [1992]. The Nahuas After the Conquest: A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2317-6. OCLC 24283718.

Tena, Rafael (tr.) (2004). Anales de Tlatelolco. México, D.F.: CONACULTA. ISBN 970-35-0507-4. OCLC 61484747.