Diffuse proliferative nephritis

Diffuse proliferative nephritis (DPN) or glomerulonephritis (DPGN) is a type of glomerulonephritis that is the most serious form of renal lesions in SLE and is also the most common, occurring in 35% to 60% of patients. Most of the glomeruli show endothelial and mesangial proliferation affecting the entire glomerulus, leading to diffuse hypercellularity of the glomeruli, producing in some cases epithelial crescents that fill Bowman's space. When extensive, immune complexes create an overall thickening of the capillary wall, resembling rigid "wire loops" on routine light microscopy. Electron microscopy reveals electron-dense subendothelial immune complexes (between endothelium and basement membrane). Immune complexes can be visualized by staining with fluorescent antibodies directed against immunoglobulins or complement, resulting in a granular fluorescent staining pattern. In due course, glomerular injury gives rise to scarring (glomerulosclerosis). Most of these patients have hematuria with moderate to severe proteinuria, hypertension, and renal insufficiency.^[1]

References

↑ Robbins, Stanley L.; Kumar, Vinay (2007). Robbins basic pathology. Saunders/Elsevier. p. 142. ISBN 0-8089-2366-8.

Lupus nephritis

Class I (Minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis) Class II (Mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis) Class III (Focal proliferative nephritis) Class IV (Diffuse proliferative nephritis) Class V (Membranous nephritis) Class VI (Glomerulosclerosis)

Diseases of the urinary system (N00–N39, 580–599)

Kidney disease

Glomerules

Primarily
nephrotic

Non-proliferative	Minimal change Focal segmental Membranous

Proliferative	Mesangial proliferative Endocapillary proliferative Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary

By condition	Diabetic Amyloidosis

Primarily
nephritic,
RPG

Type I RPG/Type II hypersensitivity	Goodpasture's syndrome

Type II RPG/Type III hypersensitivity	Post-streptococcal Lupus DPGN IgA/Berger's

Type III RPG/Pauci-immune	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Microscopic polyangiitis Churg–Strauss syndrome

General

Tubules

Interstitium

Interstitial nephritis
- Pyelonephritis
- Danubian endemic familial nephropathy

General

General syndromes	Nephritis Nephrosis) Renal failure Acute renal failure Chronic kidney disease Uremic pericarditis Uremia Diabetes insipidus Nephrogenic Renal papilla Renal papillary necrosis Major calyx/pelvis Hydronephrosis Pyonephrosis Reflux nephropathy

Vascular	Renal artery stenosis Renal ischemia Hypertensive nephropathy Renovascular hypertension Renal cortical necrosis

Other	Analgesic nephropathy Renal osteodystrophy Nephroptosis Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome

Urinary tract

Ureter	Ureteritis Ureterocele Megaureter

Bladder	Cystitis Interstitial cystitis Hunner's ulcer Trigonitis Hemorrhagic cystitis Neurogenic bladder dysfunction Bladder sphincter dyssynergia Vesicointestinal fistula Vesicoureteral reflux

Urethra	Urethritis Non-gonococcal urethritis Urethral syndrome Urethral stricture/Meatal stenosis Urethral caruncle

Any/all	Obstructive uropathy Urinary tract infection Retroperitoneal fibrosis Urolithiasis Bladder stone Kidney stone Renal colic Malakoplakia Urinary incontinence Stress Urge Overflow

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