Disaster Management Act, 2005

The Disaster Management Act, 2005, (23 December 2005) No. 53 of 2005, was passed by the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India on 28 November, and by the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament, on 12 December 2005. It received the assent of The President of India on 9 January 2006. The Disaster Management Act, 2005 has 11 chapters and 79 sections.[1][2] The Act extends to the whole of India. The Act provides for "the effective management of disasters and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto." [1]

National Authority

The Act calls for the establishment of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), with the Prime Minister of India as chairperson. The NDMA may have no more than nine members including a Vice-Chairperson.[1][3] The tenure of the members of the NDMA shall be five years.[4] The NDMA which was initially established on 30 May 2005 by an executive order, was constituted under Section-3(1) of the Disaster Management Act, on 27 September 2006.[5] The NDMA is responsible for "laying down the policies, plans and guidelines for disaster management" and to ensure "timely and effective response to disaster". Under section 6 of the Act it is responsible for laying "down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the State Plans".[1]

National Executive Committee

The Act under Section 8 enjoins the Central Government to Constitute a National Executive Committee(NEC) to assist the National Authority. The NEC is composed of Secretary level officers of the Government of India in the Ministries of home, agriculture, atomic energy, defence, drinking water supply, environment and forests, finance (expenditure), health, power, rural development, science and technology, space, telecommunication, urban development, and water resources, with the Home secretary serving as the Chairperson, ex officio. The Chief of the Integrated Defence Staff of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is an ex officio member of the NEC.[1] The NEC under section of the Act is responsible for the preparation of the National Disaster Management Plan for the whole country and to ensure that it is "reviewed and updated annually".[1][2][6]

State Disaster Management Authority

All State Governments are mandated under Section 14 of the act to establish a State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA). The SDMA consists of the Chief Minister of the State, who is the Chairperson, and no more than eight members appointed by the Chief Minister.[1] State Executive Committee is responsible (Section 22) for drawing up the state disaster management plan, and implementing the National Plan.[1] The SDMA is mandated under section 28 to ensure that all the departments of the State prepare disaster management plans as prescribed by the National and State Authorities.[1] Recently in September 2014 kashmir-floods NDRF played a vital role in rescuing the armed forces and tourists, for which NDRF was awarded by the government of India.

District Disaster Management Authority

The Chairperson of District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) will be the Collector or District Magistrate or Deputy Commissioner of the district. The elected representative of the area is member of the DDMA as an ex officio co-Chairperson, (Section 25).[1]

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

The Section 44–45 of the Act provides for constituting a National Disaster Response Force "for the purpose of specialist response to a threatening disaster situation or disaster" under a Director General to be appointed by the Central Government.[1]

Other Provisions

Section 42 of the Act calls for establishing a National Institute of Disaster Management. Section 46-50, mandates funds for Disaster Mitigation at various levels.[1] The Act provides for civil and criminal liabilities for those who violate the provision of the Act.[1][7]

Implementation

The implementation of the National Disaster Act, 2005 has been slow, and slack. On 22 July 2013 Indian Supreme Court Justices A K Patnaik and M Y Eqbal in response to a Public Interest Litigation issued notices to the Governments of Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan Maharashtra and the Central government for alleged failure to implement the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The petitioner alleged that the non-implementation of the Disaster Management Act by the Government of Uttarakhand endangered the lives of citizens. He sought "reasonable ex-gratia assistance on account of loss of life, damage to houses and for restoration of means of livelihood to victims of flash floods in Uttarakhand under the Disaster Management Act".[8]

Criticism of the Act

The act has been criticized for marginalizing Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), elected local representatives, local communities and civic group; and for fostering a hierarchical, bureaucratic, command and control, 'top down', approach that gives the central, state, and district authorities sweeping powers.[7] It is also alleged that the "Act became a law almost at the will of the bureaucrats who framed it." [7]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Parliament of India (23 December 2005). "Disaster Management Act, 2005, [23rd December, 2005.] NO. 53 OF 2005" (PDF). Ministry of Home. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  2. 1 2 Aparna Meduri (2006). "The Disaster Management Act, 2005". The ICFAI Journal of Environmental Law. The ICFAI University Press,. pp. 9–11. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  3. ↑ Ministry of Home (27 September 2006). "The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, [Part II, Section 3(i)] Notification: Disaster Management( Terms of office and Conditions of Service of members of the National Authority and payment of Allowances to members of Advisory Committee) Rules , 2006" (PDF). Published by the controller of Publications, New Delhi 110054. p. Section 3. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  4. ↑ "Notification for notifying the Disaster Management (Removal of Difficulties) Order. 2006 Providing for a tenure of 5 years for the Member of NDMa" (PDF). The Gazette of India (in English and Hindi). Ministry of Home. 27 September 2006. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  5. ↑ Ministry of Home (27 September 2006). "Notification for establishing NDMA," (PDF). The Gazette of India (in English and Hindi). Ministry of Home. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  6. ↑ Ministry of Home (27 September 2006). "Notification for constituting National Executive Committee (NEC)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. Ministry of Home. p. Section 3, sub section (ii). Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 Max Martin (8 February 2007). "DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT Farce follows disaster". Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  8. ↑ Times of India (20 July 2013). "Natural calamity prone states have no disaster management mechanism: PIL". http://Times of India.

External links

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