Francisco de Paula Marín

Don Francisco de Paula Marín Grassi
man in 19th-century military uniform
Born Francisco de Paula Marín y Grassi
(1774-11-25)November 25, 1774
Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
Died October 30, 1837(1837-10-30) (aged 62)
Honolulu, Hawaii
Nationality Spanish
Other names Marini, Manini
Known for Horticulture
Spouse(s) At least three
Children Many
Parent(s) Juan Marín
María Grassi
Signature

Don Francisco de Paula Marín (1774–1837) was a Spaniard who became influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii. Often called Manini, Marini or other variations, he became a confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I. Marín acted as a jack-of-all-trades, sometimes even acting as a physician, probably without any formal education, and is credited with introducing many agricultural products.[1]

Life

Marín's early life is not generally known, but he probably was born November 25, 1774, in Jerez de la Frontera, an area of Spain near Cadiz. His father was Juan Marín and mother was María Grassi.[2] It was likely he was an apprentice pilot on a ship associated with the Alessandro Malaspina expedition to Nootka Sound and Vancouver Island. At some point he deserted the Spanish and came aboard the American brig Lady Washington, captain John Kendrick. He arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1793 or 1794. He became an interpreter and advisor in the acquisition and use of Western military weapons to King Kamehameha I who was just capturing Oʻahu island in the Battle of Nu'uanu. For his service Marín was given land in present-day Honolulu near Pearl Harbor. He took at least one more trip off the islands. In 1804 he went as a pilot with captain James Rowan of the Hazard where he interpreted for Rowan with the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest.[1]

Diplomacy and horticulture

Despite deserting them, Marín kept on good terms with the Spanish in Alta California. A natural charmer, he also had good relations with pirates such as Hippolyte de Bouchard on his visit in 1818, and the French navigator Louis de Freycinet in 1819.[1] He often asked for and received seeds, plants and animals, and then experimented with planting new kinds of fruits and vegetables in the Hawaiian Islands.[3]:46–49 He established Hawaii's first grape vineyard in 1815,[4] and produced its first wine and brandy. He distilled sugarcane into rum, and experimented with beer.[5] In 1813, Marin cultivated the Hawaiian Islands' first pineapple crop,[6] and is usually credited with the first cotton,[7] mango,[8] and orange[9] cultivation. He raised some of the first horses and cattle.[10] Although some of these products might have been grown in household gardens, he ran the first Western-style commercial farming operation. His home became a boarding house, as he rented rooms and served meals to visiting merchants.[11]

Marín at Hale Kauila with the royal court receiving the French Captain Du Petit Thouars, 1837.

As the speaker of several languages, he was the unofficial diplomatic corps of Honolulu, acting as accountant and tax collector as he sold his products to restock ships. In April 1819 he was sent to attend the ailing Kamehameha as de facto royal physician and stayed with the king until he died on May 8.[5] The new King, Kamehameha II, and his young French drinking companion Jean Baptiste Rives were happy to offer Marín's refreshments to visitors. On December 10, 1819, Kamehameha II officially commissioned Marín as a captain in the Hawaiian Army.[12]

Family

His son Paul Marin (right) photographed with Henry A. Neilson in the uniform of the Hawaiian Cavalry, 1855

Marín was also known for his family of at least three native Hawaiian wives and many children. His exact number of offspring is clouded by his penchant for exaggeration. One daughter married Portuguese stonemason Antonio Ferreira, who in 1810 built one of the first stone houses in Honolulu for the Marín family. Daughter Cruz Marín married English sea captain Joseph Maughan. Daughter Lahilahi had children with American Consul John Coffin Jones (even though Jones was already married). Sons Nicolas and Paul F. Marin developed some early commercial facilities of the waterfront.[13] His daughter Antoinette F. Manini (1832–1905) married businessman Lyman Swan in 1851.[14] Although Swan was accused of fraud in Hawaii,[15] the family moved to Santa Cruz, California and became stable members of the early community there. Marín wrote to governor Luis Antonio Argüello about moving to Alta California himself, but was told his multiple wives would not be welcome.[16]

Religion

Despite his polygamy, Marín favored the Roman Catholic Church. When the first priests arrived, his growing family made a substantial part of the congregation.[17] He acted as interpreter when the first Christian missionaries arrived in 1820.[18] When Richard Charlton, the first official British trade representative, arrived he brought a letter addressed to Marín saying that land should be provided for the consulate.[19] When Charlton pressed his claim, he produced a lease witnessed by Marín.[20]

When the HMS Blonde with the bodies of Kamehameha II and his queen, who died in London, arrived in 1825, more plants were left off with Marín, including some of the first coffee trees. Although the English gardener John Wilkinson sent on the Blonde soon died, many of the plants thrived on Marín's farm.[21] Over the next few years, the puritanical views of Protestant missionaries such as Hiram Bingham I began to lessen Marín's influence. Alcoholic beverages were put under strict regulation, and Catholic priests were banished.[11] [22]

Legacy

Marín died in Honolulu on October 30, 1837. After Robert Crichton Wyllie found Marín's diary as he started the Hawaii archives, he said:

...much of the present wealth of the islands, is owing to the seeds, roots, and plants introduced by that one man. In my own opinion, it may be fairly questioned if there existed on these islands, or exists at present, any man, to whom the Hawaiian people are generally so much indebted.[5]

Marin street near the Honolulu Harbor was named for him 21°18′38″N 157°51′49″W / 21.31056°N 157.86361°W / 21.31056; -157.86361 (Marin street).[23][24] A 28-story high-rise apartment house called Marin Tower was built in 1994[25] on the site of his house,[26] marked by a plaque and a sculpture titled Site of Passage by Laura Ruby.[27] Vineyard street and boulevard at 21°18′41″N 157°51′19″W / 21.31139°N 157.85528°W / 21.31139; -157.85528 (Vineyard street) is also named for his vineyard.[28]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Donald Cutter (1980). "The Spanish in Hawaii: Gaytan to Marin". Hawaiian Journal of History 14 (Hawaii Historical Society). pp. 20–25. hdl:10524/474.
  2. ↑ "Baptism record of Francisco de Paula Marín". Jerez Siempre. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  3. ↑ Kenneth M. Nagata (1985). "Early Plant Introductions in Hawai'i". Hawaiian Journal of History 19 (Hawaii Historical Society). pp. 35–61. hdl:10524/127.
  4. ↑ Robert C. Schmitt (1980). "Some Firsts in Island Business and Government". Hawaiian Journal of History 14 (Hawaii Historical Society). pp. 80–108. hdl:10524/577.
  5. 1 2 3 The Transactions of the Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society. Volume 1. Henry M. Whitney, Hawaii Government Press. August 1850.
  6. ↑ Robert E. Paul; Ching-Cheng Chen (2003), "Postharvest Physiology, Handling and Storage of Pineapple", in Robert E. Bartholomew, The Pineapple: Botany, Production and Uses, CABI Publishing, p. 253, ISBN 0-85199-503-9 Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) See also: Collins, J.L. (1934). Introduction of pineapples in Hawaii and some brief accounts of pioneer pineapple growing. Pineapple Quarterly. 4 pp. 119-130.
  7. ↑ F. G. Krause (1910). Thomas G. Thrum, ed. "Cotton Culture in Hawaii". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual. p. 58.
  8. ↑ Willis T. Pope (1920). Thomas G. Thrum, ed. "Possibilities of the Mango in Hawaii". All about Hawaii (Honolulu Star-Bulletin). p. 56.
  9. ↑ Ruth Tabrah. Hawaii: A Bicentennial History. New York City: W. W. Norton & Co. 1980, p. 26.
  10. ↑ Jacques Arago (1823). "Letter CXIV. Owyhee, Sandwich Islands". Narrative of a voyage round the world, in the Uranie and Physicienne corvettes, commanded by Captain Freycinet, during the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820. Treuttel & Wurtz, Treuttal, jun. & Richter.
  11. 1 2 Richard A. Greer (1994). "Grog Shops and Hotels: Bending the Elbow in Old Honolulu". Hawaiian Journal of History 28 (Hawaii Historical Society). pp. 35–67. hdl:10524/489.
  12. ↑ Robert C. Lydecker (June 9, 1906). "The Archives of Hawaii". Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society Number 13. Hawaiian Historical Society, Honolulu. p. 21. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
  13. ↑ Richard A. Greer (1998). "Along the Old Honolulu Waterfront". Hawaiian Journal of History 32 (Hawaii Historical Society). pp. 53–66. hdl:10524/430.
  14. ↑ "1832-1910 Oahu marriage records". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
  15. ↑ David W. Forbes (2001). Hawaiian National Bibliography, 1780-1900: 1851-1880 3. University of Hawaii Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-8248-2503-4.
  16. ↑ Geoffrey Dunn and Kim Stoner (March 31, 2010). "Riders of the Sea Spray". Santa Cruz Good Times. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
  17. ↑ Kamakau, Samuel (1992) [1961]. Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii (Revised ed.). Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press. ISBN 0-87336-014-1.
  18. ↑ Hiram Bingham I (1855) [1848]. A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich Islands (Third ed.). H.D. Goodwin.
  19. ↑ "Instructions from Kamehameha II". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. July 2, 1824. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
  20. ↑ "Charlton Lease". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. 1826. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
  21. ↑ James Macrae (1922). William Frederick Wilson, ed. With Lord Byron at the Sandwich Islands in 1825: Being Extracts from the MS Diary of James Macrae, Scottish Botanist. ISBN 978-0-554-60526-5.
  22. ↑ Ralph Simpson Kuykendall (1965) [1938]. Hawaiian Kingdom 1778-1854, foundation and transformation 1. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-87022-431-X.
  23. ↑ Mary Kawena Pukui and Elbert (2004). "lookup of marin". on Place Names of Hawai'i. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  24. ↑ Marin Street
  25. ↑ City Council (2004). "Resolution number 04-42 Requesting the city auditor to conduct a study pf city-owned residential and commercial properties". City and County of Honolulu. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
  26. ↑ Don Hibbard; Augie Salbosa (2006). Designing paradise: the allure of the Hawaiian resort. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-56898-574-9.
  27. ↑ "Public Sculpture". Laura Ruby Artist web site. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
  28. ↑ Mary Kawena Pukui and Elbert (2004). "lookup of vineyard". on Place Names of Hawai'i. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii. Retrieved 2010-04-04.

Further reading

External links

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