Dror light machine gun

Dror Light Machine Gun
The Pattern 1 Dror LMG on display at the Batey ha-Osef museum.
Type	Light machine gun
Place of origin	Israel
Service history
In service	1947 to 1950
Used by	Haganah (1948) IDF (After 1948)
Wars	Not used in combat
Production history
Designer	Winchester Repeating Arms Co.[1]
Designed	1946
Manufacturer	Haganah (Pattern 1) Israel Military Industries (Pattern 2)
Produced	1947 to 1952
Number built	800-1000 (Pattern 1 Only)
Variants	Pattern 1 Dror, Pattern 2 Dror
Specifications
Weight	10 kg (22 lb)
Length	1,240 mm (48.8 in)
Barrel length	680 mm (26.8 in)
Cartridge	.303 British (Pattern 1) 7.92×57mm Mauser (Pattern 2)
Action	Air-cooled, short recoil
Rate of fire	variable 250–950 rounds/minute
Muzzle velocity	2,600 fps
Feed system	20-round magazine, based on M1941 Johnson magazine (Pattern 1) 20-round magazine based on BAR magazine (Pattern 2)

The Dror light machine gun (Hebrew for "Sparrow") was an Israeli light machine gun based on the M1941 Johnson light machine gun.^[2]

Development

The Pattern 2-type Dror LMG on display at the Batey ha-Osef Museum.

In 1946, the State of Israel studied plans to produce an indigenous light machine gun.^[3] By the end of the year, the Haganah (precursor to the Israel Defense Forces) bought the manufacturing rights to the M1941 Johnson machine gun from the Winchester Repeating Arms Company and developed the Dror in its own clandestine workshops.^[3] They were bought alongside manufacturing tools bought cheaply as scrap in the United States.^[4]

Design

The Dror was air-cooled and recoil-operated.^[5] The barrel uses a rotary bolt with multiple radial lugs mounted.^[5] The Drors is fired from an open-bolt in full auto for better cooling or from a closed-bolt in semi-auto for better accuracy.^[5]

The Pattern 1 Drors had a physical resemblance to the Johnson, including the tall front sight and the barrel release.^[6] The Pattern 2 Drors had many changes from the first one by adapting to a rimless round and the use of modified 20-round BAR LMG magazines to balance the weapon.^[6][7] In addition, the barrel release was now located at the front barrel bearing with a heat shield, which is colored orange/brown, that can be removed without the need of using protective gloves.^[6] A folding cover is also mounted over the magazine well so that the gunner can close it to prevent dirt and other foul elements from going inside when the weapon is not used.^[6]

Production history

Because large amounts of British rifle ammunition were available, the Pattern 1 Dror was initially chambered in .303 British.^[3] Around 800–1000 were made before production was halted due to feeding problems the armourers could not handle.^[6]

The Pattern 2 Dror was built by IMI and was chambered in 7.92×57mm Mauser to take advantage of large quantities of recently imported Mauser ammunition.^[6] In this pattern, the magazines were mounted vertically under the receiver.^[5]

Service history

Because of its oversensitivity to dusty environments, the Dror did not see combat service in the 1948–49 Israel War of Independence. Following combat simulation testing, the Israel Defense Forces selected the FN Model D (a derivative of the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle) to replace the Dror in 1952.^[8][9]

References

1. Being the designer of the Johnson LMG
2. "Modern Firearms – Johnson M1941 M1944". World.guns.ru. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
3. "Dror". Israeli-weapons.com. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
4. "Israeli .303 Dror LMG « Forgotten Weapons". Forgottenweapons.com. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
5. "Modern Firearms – Dror". World.guns.ru. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
6. "Dror « Forgotten Weapons". Forgottenweapons.com. 2015-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
7. "Dror Light Machine Gun". Royalgunpowdermills.com. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
8. "Dror LMG – Squad Support Weapon / Light Machine Gun – History, Specs and Pictures – Military Weapons". Militaryfactory.com. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
9. "Photos of Israel used WW2 Mauser ammo to fit the .303 Dror Pattern 1/2". Thebrigade.com. Retrieved 2015-06-06.