Dyscravia

Dyscravia^[1] is a voicing substitution dysgraphia, i.e. a type of writing disorder in which the affected person confuses letters denoting sounds that differ in their voicing attribute (e.g. writing "dap" instead of "tap" or "tash" instead of "dash"). It arises from a deficit within the phoneme-to-grapheme conversion process in a cognitive function specialized in the conversion of the voicing feature of phonemes into graphemes – a distinct function within the phoneme-to-grapheme conversion route. This deficit does not result from impairments in auditory processing or in speech production. It can occur with completely intact graphemic buffer, phonological output lexicon, phonological output buffer, and allographic stage – the function that processes the voicing feature for writing may be selectively impaired without deficits in other functions of the conversion route. Dyscravia may or may not be accompanied by a parallel reading disability (i.e. a dyslexia in which letters denoting voiceless consonants are pronounced as voiced and vice versa).

References

↑ Gvion, Aviah; Friedmann, Naama (15 June 2010). "Dyscravia: voicing substitution dysgraphia". Neuropsychologia 48: 1935–1947. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.014. ISSN 1873-3514.

General
conditions

Speech and language impairments / communication disorders	Expressive language disorder Infantile speech Landau–Kleffner syndrome Language disorder Lisp Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder Specific language impairment Speech and language impairment Speech disorder Speech error Speech sound disorder Stammering Tip of the tongue

Scholastic skills/ learning disorder	Developmental dyslexia Dyscalculia Dysgraphia (Disorder of written expression)

Motor function	Developmental coordination disorder Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as Childhood apraxia of speech

Other	Auditory processing disorder Scotopic sensitivity syndrome Sensory processing disorder