Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Cardiology
ICD-10	E78
ICD-9-CM	272
DiseasesDB	33452
MeSH	D050171

Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g.,triglycerides, cholesterol and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle. Prolonged elevation of insulin levels can also lead to dyslipidemia. Likewise, increased levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) may cause dyslipidemia.

Classification

Physicians and basic researchers classify dyslipidemias in two distinct ways:

• Phenotype, or the presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased)
• Etiology, or the reason for the condition (genetic, or secondary to another condition). This classification can be problematic, because most conditions involve the intersection of genetics and lifestyle issues. However, there are a few well-defined genetic conditions that are usually easy to identify.

Fredrickson Classification:^[1]

Phenotype	I	IIa	IIb	III	IV	V
Elevated Lipoprotein	Chylomicron	LDL	LDL and VLDL	IDL	VLDL	VLDL and chylomicrons

Types

	Increases	Decreases
Lipid	Hyperlipidemia: lipids Hypercholesterolemia: cholesterol. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a specific form of hypercholesterolemia due to a defect on chromosome 19 (19p13.1-13.3). Hyperglyceridemia: glycerides Hypertriglyceridemia: triglycerides	Hypolipidemia Hypocholesterolemia: cholesterol
Lipoprotein	Hyperlipoproteinemia: lipoproteins (usually LDL unless otherwise specified) Honemia: chylomicrons	Hypolipoproteinemia: lipoproteins Abetalipoproteinemia: beta lipoproteins Tangier disease: high density lipoprotein
Both	Combined hyperlipidemia: both LDL and triglycerides

References

1. Fredrickson DS, Lees RS. A system for phenotyping hyperlipoproteinemia. Circulation 1965;31:321-327.