ECT2

Epithelial cell transforming 2
PDB rendering based on 2cou.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 3L46​, 4N40​
Identifiers
Symbols	ECT2 ; ARHGEF31
External IDs	OMIM: 600586 MGI: 95281 HomoloGene: 7298 GeneCards: ECT2 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • signal transducer activity • Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity • GTPase activator activity • protein binding • Rho GTPase binding • protein homodimerization activity Cellular component • nucleus • cytoplasm • cytosol • cell-cell junction • bicellular tight junction • midbody • nuclear membrane • cleavage furrow • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle • mitotic spindle • centralspindlin complex Biological process • cell morphogenesis • cytokinesis • small GTPase mediated signal transduction • protein transport • activation of protein kinase activity • positive regulation of cytokinesis • regulation of Rho protein signal transduction • positive regulation of protein import into nucleus • positive regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling • positive regulation of GTPase activity • positive regulation of neuron differentiation • regulation of protein kinase activity • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway • regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction • protein homooligomerization • regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore • cellular response to hydrogen peroxide • bicellular tight junction assembly • cellular response to calcium ion • cellular response to ionizing radiation • activation of GTPase activity • apoptotic signaling pathway Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1894	13605
Ensembl	ENSG00000114346	ENSMUSG00000027699
UniProt	Q9H8V3	Q07139
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001258315	NM_001177625
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001245244	NP_001171096
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 172.75 – 172.82 Mb	Chr 3: 27.1 – 27.15 Mb
PubMed search

Protein ECT2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ECT2 gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of this gene is elevated with the onset of DNA synthesis and remains elevated during G2 and M phases. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression is at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Thus, this protein is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and is thought to have an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis.^[3]

Interactions

ECT2 has been shown to interact with PARD6A.^[4]

References

1. Miki T, Smith CL, Long JE, Eva A, Fleming TP (Apr 1993). "Oncogene ect2 is related to regulators of small GTP-binding proteins". Nature 362 (6419): 462–5. doi:10.1038/362462a0. PMID 8464478.
2. Tatsumoto T, Xie X, Blumenthal R, Okamoto I, Miki T (Dec 1999). "Human ECT2 is an exchange factor for Rho GTPases, phosphorylated in G2/M phases, and involved in cytokinesis". J. Cell Biol. 147 (5): 921–8. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.5.921. PMC 2169345. PMID 10579713.
3. "Entrez Gene: ECT2 epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 oncogene".
4. Liu XF, Ishida H, Raziuddin R, Miki T (Aug 2004). "Nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 interacts with the polarity protein complex Par6/Par3/protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) and regulates PKCzeta activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (15): 6665–75. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.15.6665-6675.2004. PMC 444862. PMID 15254234.

Further reading

• Takai S, Long JE, Yamada K, Miki T (1995). "Chromosomal localization of the human ECT2 proto-oncogene to 3q26.1-->q26.2 by somatic cell analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics 27 (1): 220–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1033. PMID 7665179.
• Hillier LD, Lennon G, Becker M, Bonaldo MF, Chiapelli B, Chissoe S, Dietrich N, DuBuque T, Favello A, Gish W, Hawkins M, Hultman M, Kucaba T, Lacy M, Le M, Le N, Mardis E, Moore B, Morris M, Parsons J, Prange C, Rifkin L, Rohlfing T, Schellenberg K, Bento Soares M, Tan F, Thierry-Meg J, Trevaskis E, Underwood K, Wohldman P, Waterston R, Wilson R, Marra M (1996). "Generation and analysis of 280,000 human expressed sequence tags". Genome Res. 6 (9): 807–28. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.807. PMID 8889549.
• Kimura K, Tsuji T, Takada Y, Miki T, Narumiya S (2000). "Accumulation of GTP-bound RhoA during cytokinesis and a critical role of ECT2 in this accumulation". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (23): 17233–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000212200. PMID 10837491.
• Wennerberg K, Ellerbroek SM, Liu RY, Karnoub AE, Burridge K, Der CJ (2002). "RhoG signals in parallel with Rac1 and Cdc42". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (49): 47810–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203816200. PMID 12376551.
• Matsuda A, Suzuki Y, Honda G, Muramatsu S, Matsuzaki O, Nagano Y, Doi T, Shimotohno K, Harada T, Nishida E, Hayashi H, Sugano S (2003). "Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways". Oncogene 22 (21): 3307–18. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206406. PMID 12761501.
• Saito S, Tatsumoto T, Lorenzi MV, Chedid M, Kapoor V, Sakata H, Rubin J, Miki T (2003). "Rho exchange factor ECT2 is induced by growth factors and regulates cytokinesis through the N-terminal cell cycle regulator-related domains". J. Cell. Biochem. 90 (4): 819–36. doi:10.1002/jcb.10688. PMID 14587037.
• Hara T, Ishida H, Raziuddin R, Dorkhom S, Kamijo K, Miki T (2004). "Novel kelch-like protein, KLEIP, is involved in actin assembly at cell-cell contact sites of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells". Mol. Biol. Cell 15 (3): 1172–84. doi:10.1091/mbc.E03-07-0531. PMC 363103. PMID 14668487.
• Liu XF, Ishida H, Raziuddin R, Miki T (2004). "Nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 interacts with the polarity protein complex Par6/Par3/protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) and regulates PKCzeta activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (15): 6665–75. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.15.6665-6675.2004. PMC 444862. PMID 15254234.
• Kim JE, Billadeau DD, Chen J (2005). "The tandem BRCT domains of Ect2 are required for both negative and positive regulation of Ect2 in cytokinesis". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (7): 5733–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409298200. PMID 15545273.
• Oceguera-Yanez F, Kimura K, Yasuda S, Higashida C, Kitamura T, Hiraoka Y, Haraguchi T, Narumiya S (2005). "Ect2 and MgcRacGAP regulate the activation and function of Cdc42 in mitosis". J. Cell Biol. 168 (2): 221–32. doi:10.1083/jcb.200408085. PMC 2171585. PMID 15642749.
• Yüce O, Piekny A, Glotzer M (2005). "An ECT2-centralspindlin complex regulates the localization and function of RhoA". J. Cell Biol. 170 (4): 571–82. doi:10.1083/jcb.200501097. PMC 2171506. PMID 16103226.
• Niiya F, Xie X, Lee KS, Inoue H, Miki T (2005). "Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 induces cytokinesis without chromosome segregation in an ECT2 and MgcRacGAP-dependent manner". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (43): 36502–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M508007200. PMID 16118207.
• Zhao WM, Fang G (2005). "MgcRacGAP controls the assembly of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (37): 13158–63. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504145102. PMC 1201590. PMID 16129829.
• Hara T, Abe M, Inoue H, Yu LR, Veenstra TD, Kang YH, Lee KS, Miki T (2006). "Cytokinesis regulator ECT2 changes its conformation through phosphorylation at Thr-341 in G2/M phase". Oncogene 25 (4): 566–78. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209078. PMID 16170345.
• Niiya F, Tatsumoto T, Lee KS, Miki T (2006). "Phosphorylation of the cytokinesis regulator ECT2 at G2/M phase stimulates association of the mitotic kinase Plk1 and accumulation of GTP-bound RhoA". Oncogene 25 (6): 827–37. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209124. PMID 16247472.
• Nishimura Y, Yonemura S (2006). "Centralspindlin regulates ECT2 and RhoA accumulation at the equatorial cortex during cytokinesis". J. Cell. Sci. 119 (Pt 1): 104–14. doi:10.1242/jcs.02737. PMID 16352658.