Ophrys sphegodes

Early Spider-orchid

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Orchidoideae
Genus:	Ophrys
Species:	O. sphegodes
Binomial name
*Ophrys sphegodes* Mill.
Synonyms^[1]
Species synonymy *Arachnites aranifera (Huds.) Bubani 1901 Myodium araniferum (Huds.) Salisb. 1812 Ophrys araneola Rchb. 1831 Ophrys aranifera f. latipetala Chaub. ex St.-Amans 1821 Ophrys aranifera f. oodicheila Renz 1928 Ophrys aranifera f. peralba G .Keller 1912 Ophrys aranifera f. pseudomuscifera Ruppert 1917 Ophrys aranifera f. purpurea A. Camus 1929 Ophrys aranifera f. semilunaris W. Zimm. 1917 Ophrys aranifera Huds. 1778 Ophrys aranifera ssp. litigiosa (E.G. Camus) P. Fourn. Ophrys aranifera ssp. araneola (Rchb.) K. Richt. 1890 Ophrys aranifera subvar. bavarica Soó 1927 Ophrys aranifera var. aurantiaca Beauverd 1929 Ophrys aranifera var. euchlora J. Murray 1905 Ophrys aranifera var. flavescens M. Schulze 1894 Ophrys aranifera var. quadriloba Rchb.f. 1851 Ophrys aranifera var. rotulata Beck 1890 Ophrys aranifera var. subfucifera Rchb.f. 1851 Ophrys argensonensis J.-C. Guérin & A. Merlet 1998 Ophrys argentaria Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 1991 Ophrys classica Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 2000 Ophrys cretensis (H. Baumann & Künkele) Paulus 1988 Ophrys crucigera Jacq. 1784 Ophrys delmeziana P. Delforge 1989 Ophrys exaltata ssp. mateolana (Medagli & al.) Paulus & Gack 1999 Ophrys fuchsii W. Zimm. 1917 Ophrys fucifera Sm. 1830 Ophrys fuciflora Curtis 1778 Ophrys galeopsidea Lag. ex Colmeiro 1889 Ophrys garganica O. Danesch & E. Danesch 1975 Ophrys garganica ssp. passionis (Sennen ex Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Paulus & Gack 1999 Ophrys garganica ssp. sipontensis (R. Lorenz & Gembardt) Del Prete 1984 Ophrys gortynia (H. Baumann & Künkele) Paulus 1988 Ophrys hebes (Kalopissis) E. Willing & B. Willing 1980 Ophrys illyrica S. Hertel & K. Hertel 2002 Ophrys incubacea ssp. garganica (O. Danesch & E. Danesch) Galesi 2004 Ophrys insectifera var. arachnites L. 1753 Ophrys insectifera var. pallescens Moggr. 1869 Ophrys insectifera var. rubescens Moggr. 1869 Ophrys litigiosa E.G. Camus 1900 Ophrys majellensis (Helga Daiss & Herm. Daiss) P. Delforge 1998 Ophrys massiliensis Viglione & Véla 1999 Ophrys mateolana Medagli & al. 1991 Ophrys melitensis (Salk.) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 1994 Ophrys montenegrina (H. Baumann & Künkele) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 1991 Ophrys negadensis G. Thiele & W. Thiele 2001 Ophrys passionis Sennen ex Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 1994 Ophrys passionis ssp. majellensis (Helga Daiss & Herm. Daiss) Romolini & Soca 2000 Ophrys provincialis (H. Baumann & Künkele) Paulus 1988 Ophrys quadriloba (Rchb.f.) E.G. Camus 1908 Ophrys riojana C.E.Hermos., J. Eur. Orch. 31: 881 (1999). Ophrys ruppertii A. Fuchs 1917 Ophrys sipontensis R. Lorenz & Gembardt 1987 Ophrys sphegodes f. latipetala (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes f. pseudomuscifera (Ruppert) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes f. subfucifera (Rchb.f.) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. aurantiaca (Beauverd) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. bavarica (Soó) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. euchlora (J. Murray) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. flavescens (M. Schulze) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. pallescens (Moggr.) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. peralba (G. Keller) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. purpurea (A. Camus) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. rotulata (Beck) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. rubescens (Moggr.) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes lus. semilunaris (W. Zimm.) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. araneola (Rchb.) M. Laínz 1983 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. cretensis H. Baumann & Künkele 1986 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. garganica E. Nelson 1962 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. gortynia H. Baumann & Künkele 1986 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. hebes Kalopissis 1975 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. litigiosa (E.G. Camus) Bech. 1925 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. majellensis Helga Daiss & Herm. Daiss 1997 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. melitensis Salk. 1992 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. montenegrina H. Baumann & Künkele 1988 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. oodicheila (Renz) Riech. 2004 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. passionis (Sennen ex Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Sanz & Nuet 1995 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. provincialis H. Baumann & Künkele 1988 Ophrys sphegodes ssp. tommasinii (Vis.) Soó 1971 Ophrys sphegodes var. argentaria (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Faurh. 2002 Ophrys sphegodes var. garganicoides Balayer 1986 Ophrys sphegodes var. gigantea A. Fuchs 1917 Ophrys sphegodes var. subaesculapiana Balayer 1986 Ophrys sphegodes var. subspruneriana Balayer 1986 Ophrys sphegodes var. subtommasiniana Balayer 1986 Ophrys tarquinia P. Delforge 2000 Ophrys tommasinii ssp. araneola (Rchb.) Soó 1980 Ophrys tommasinii ssp. litigiosa (E.G. Camus) Soó 1973 Ophrys tommasinii Vis. 1851 Ophrys vindelica W. Zimm. ex A. Fuchs 1928

Ophrys sphegodes, commonly known as the Early Spider-orchid,^[2] is a species of orchid found on alkaline meadows and waste land. It is widespread across most of Europe and the middle East from Britain south to Portugal and east to Iran.^[1]

In Britain, it is restricted to parts of Dorset, Hampshire, Kent and Sussex and is regarded as rare although where it is found it may be in stands of many hundreds of plants. It is classified as a British Red Data Book plant. Despite its apparent vulnerability, it has very successfully colonised the chalk spoil dumping grounds created near Dover at Samphire Hoe from the excavations of the Channel Tunnel. It forms stands of relatively short plants between 30 cm and 40 cm in April and May. The flowers have yellow-green sepals and a velvety brown labellum with a distinctive H marking so that the flowers much resemble an arthropod and especially a spider.

Subspecies

Many subspecific and varietal names have been proposed. At the present time (May 2014), the following are recognized, one of them apparently originating as a hybrid between two of the others:^[1]

Ophrys sphegodes nothosubsp. jeanpertii (E.G.Camus) Del Prete & Conte - France, Spain, Balkans (O. sphegodes subsp. araneola × O. sphegodes subsp. sphegodes)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aesculapii (Renz) Soó ex J.J.Wood - Greece
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. araneola (Rchb.) M.Laínz - Germany, Switzerland, France, Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) A.Bolòs - from Portugal to Serbia
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aveyronensis J.J.Wood - France, Spain
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. catalcana Kreutz - European Turkey
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. cretensis H.Baumann & Künkele - Crete and other Greek islands
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. epirotica (Renz) Gölz & H.R.Reinhard - Albania, Greece
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. gortynia H.Baumann & Künkele - Crete and other Greek islands
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. helenae (Renz) Soó & D.M.Moore - Albania, Greece
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. mammosa (Desf.) Soó ex E.Nelson - from the Balkans to Turkmenistan
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. melitensis (Nyman) E.Nelson - the Maltese islands
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. passionis (Sennen) Sanz & Nuet - France, Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, mainland Italy
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sipontensis (R.Lorenz & Gembardt) H.A.Pedersen & Faurh. - Puglia
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sphegodes - from Britain and Spain to Hungary and the Balkans
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. spruneri (Nyman) E.Nelson - Crete and other Greek islands

Photo gallery

References

1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
↑ "BSBI List 2007" (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 2014-10-17.

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