Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2YS0​
Identifiers
Symbols	ENPP1 ; ARHR2; COLED; M6S1; NPP1; NPPS; PC-1; PCA1; PDNP1
External IDs	OMIM: 173335 MGI: 97370 HomoloGene: 38151 ChEMBL: 5925 GeneCards: ENPP1 Gene
EC number	3.1.4.1, 3.6.1.9
Gene ontology Molecular function • nucleic acid binding • phosphodiesterase I activity • nucleotide diphosphatase activity • scavenger receptor activity • insulin receptor binding • calcium ion binding • protein binding • ATP binding • zinc ion binding • polysaccharide binding • NADH pyrophosphatase activity • protein homodimerization activity • nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase activity • 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate binding Cellular component • extracellular space • lysosomal membrane • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • cell surface • integral component of membrane • basolateral plasma membrane Biological process • generation of precursor metabolites and energy • vitamin metabolic process • water-soluble vitamin metabolic process • riboflavin metabolic process • phosphate-containing compound metabolic process • receptor-mediated endocytosis • immune response • nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process • negative regulation of ossification • negative regulation of cell growth • regulation of bone mineralization • inorganic diphosphate transport • cellular phosphate ion homeostasis • sequestering of triglyceride • biomineral tissue development • negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation • cellular response to insulin stimulus • small molecule metabolic process • negative regulation of fat cell differentiation • negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process • negative regulation of glucose import • negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway • bone remodeling • 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process • nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5167	18605
Ensembl	ENSG00000197594	ENSMUSG00000037370
UniProt	P22413	P06802
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_006208	NM_001308327
RefSeq (protein)	NP_006199	NP_001295256
Location (UCSC)	Chr 6: 131.81 – 131.9 Mb	Chr 10: 24.64 – 24.71 Mb
PubMed search

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP1 gene.^[1][2]

Function

This gene is a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein comprising two identical disulfide-bonded subunits. This protein has broad specificity and cleaves a variety of substrates, including phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars and pyrophosphate bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. This protein may function to hydrolyze nucleoside 5' triphosphates to their corresponding monophosphates and may also hydrolyze diadenosine polyphosphates. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL), and insulin resistance.^[2]

Interactions

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 has been shown to interact with Insulin receptor.^[3]

References

1. Funakoshi I, Kato H, Horie K, Yano T, Hori Y, Kobayashi H, Inoue T, Suzuki H, Fukui S, Tsukahara M (June 1992). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs for human fibroblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase". Arch Biochem Biophys 295 (1): 180–7. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90504-P. PMID 1315502.
2. "Entrez Gene: ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1".
3. Maddux BA, Goldfine ID (January 2000). "Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 inhibition of insulin receptor function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha-subunit". Diabetes 49 (1): 13–9. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.1.13. PMID 10615944.

Further reading

• Abate N, Chandalia M, Di Paola R, Foster DW, Grundy SM, Trischitta V (2007). "Mechanisms of disease: Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 as a 'gatekeeper' of insulin receptors". Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism 2 (12): 694–701. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0367. PMID 17143316.
• Bacci S, De Cosmo S, Prudente S, Trischitta V (2007). "ENPP1 gene, insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes". Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 10 (4): 403–9. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3281e386c9. PMID 17563456.
• Fadini GP, Pauletto P, Avogaro A, Rattazzi M (2007). "The good and the bad in the link between insulin resistance and vascular calcification". Atherosclerosis 193 (2): 241–4. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.05.015. PMID 17606264.
• Buckley MF, Loveland KA, McKinstry WJ, Garson OM, Goding JW (1990). "Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1. cDNA cloning of the human molecule, amino acid sequence, and chromosomal location". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (29): 17506–11. PMID 2211644.
• Belli SI, Mercuri FA, Sali A, Goding JW (1995). "Autophosphorylation of PC-1 (alkaline phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase) and analysis of the active site". Eur. J. Biochem. 228 (3): 669–76. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20308.x. PMID 7737162.
• Maddux BA, Sbraccia P, Kumakura S, Sasson S, Youngren J, Fisher A, Spencer S, Grupe A, Henzel W, Stewart TA (1995). "Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 and insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Nature 373 (6513): 448–51. doi:10.1038/373448a0. PMID 7830796.
• Belli SI, Goding JW (1995). "Biochemical characterization of human PC-1, an enzyme possessing alkaline phosphodiesterase I and nucleotide pyrophosphatase activities". Eur. J. Biochem. 226 (2): 433–43. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20068.x. PMID 8001561.
• Huang R, Rosenbach M, Vaughn R, Provvedini D, Rebbe N, Hickman S, Goding J, Terkeltaub R (1994). "Expression of the murine plasma cell nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase PC-1 is shared by human liver, bone, and cartilage cells. Regulation of PC-1 expression in osteosarcoma cells by transforming growth factor-beta". J. Clin. Invest. 94 (2): 560–7. doi:10.1172/JCI117370. PMC 296131. PMID 8040311.
• Jin-Hua P, Goding JW, Nakamura H, Sano K (1998). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of PD-Ibeta (PDNP3), a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes". Genomics 45 (2): 412–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4949. PMID 9344668.
• Nakamura I, Ikegawa S, Okawa A, Okuda S, Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Koyama T, Goto S, Toguchida J, Matsushita M, Ochi T, Takaoka K, Nakamura Y (1999). "Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL)". Hum. Genet. 104 (6): 492–7. doi:10.1007/s004390050993. PMID 10453738.
• Pizzuti A, Frittitta L, Argiolas A, Baratta R, Goldfine ID, Bozzali M, Ercolino T, Scarlato G, Iacoviello L, Vigneri R, Tassi V, Trischitta V (1999). "A polymorphism (K121Q) of the human glycoprotein PC-1 gene coding region is strongly associated with insulin resistance". Diabetes 48 (9): 1881–4. doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.9.1881. PMID 10480624.
• Andoh K, Piao JH, Terashima K, Nakamura H, Sano K (1999). "Genomic structure and promoter analysis of the ecto-phosphodiesterase I gene (PDNP3) expressed in glial cells". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1446 (3): 213–24. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00090-1. PMID 10524196.
• Maddux BA, Goldfine ID (2000). "Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 inhibition of insulin receptor function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha-subunit". Diabetes 49 (1): 13–9. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.1.13. PMID 10615944.
• Rutsch F, Vaingankar S, Johnson K, Goldfine I, Maddux B, Schauerte P, Kalhoff H, Sano K, Boisvert WA, Superti-Furga A, Terkeltaub R (2001). "PC-1 nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency in idiopathic infantile arterial calcification". Am. J. Pathol. 158 (2): 543–54. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63996-X. PMC 1850320. PMID 11159191.
• Frittitta L, Baratta R, Spampinato D, Di Paola R, Pizzuti A, Vigneri R, Trischitta V (2001). "The Q121 PC-1 variant and obesity have additive and independent effects in causing insulin resistance". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (12): 5888–91. doi:10.1210/jc.86.12.5888. PMID 11739459.
• Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Ogata N, Ikeda T, Mabuchi A, Seichi A, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Ikegawa S (2002). "Nucleotide pyrophosphatase gene polymorphism associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine". J. Bone Miner. Res. 17 (1): 138–44. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.1.138. PMID 11771660.
• de Azevedo MJ, Dalmáz CA, Caramori ML, Pecis M, Esteves JF, Maia AL, Gross JL (2003). "ACE and PC-1 gene polymorphisms in normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients: a 10-year prospective study". J. Diabetes Complicat. 16 (4): 255–62. PMID 12126783.
• De Cosmo S, Miscio G, Zucaro L, Margaglione M, Argiolas A, Thomas S, Piras G, Trevisan R, Perin PC, Bacci S, Frittitta L, Pizzuti A, Tassi V, Di Minno G, Viberti G, Trischitta V (2003). "The role of PC-1 and ACE genes in diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients: evidence for a polygenic control of kidney disease progression". Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 17 (8): 1402–7. doi:10.1093/ndt/17.8.1402. PMID 12147786.
• Jacobsen P, Grarup N, Tarnow L, Parving HH, Pedersen O (2003). "PC-1 amino acid variant (K121Q) has no impact on progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients". Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 17 (8): 1408–12. doi:10.1093/ndt/17.8.1408. PMID 12147787.