Edmund Kemper

Edmund Kemper

Mug shot of Edmund Kemper
Born Edmund Emil Kemper III
(1948-12-18) December 18, 1948
Burbank, California, U.S.
Other names Big Ed
The Co-ed Killer
The Co-ed Butcher
Criminal penalty Life imprisonment
Conviction(s) Murder
Killings
Victims 10
Span of killings
 August 27, 1964–
April 20, 1973
Country United States
State(s) California
Date apprehended
 April 24, 1973
Imprisoned at California Medical Facility,
Vacaville, California

Edmund Emil Kemper III (born December 18, 1948),[1] also known as The Co-ed Killer or The Co-ed Butcher,[2] is an American serial killer, rapist, necrophile and cannibal who is known for having abducted and murdered several women in the early 1970s in Santa Cruz, as well as having murdered both of his paternal grandparents and his mother.

He started his criminal life by murdering his grandparents when he was fifteen-years-old, and was subsequently diagnosed as being psychotic and a paranoid schizophrenic before being sentenced to a 5-year term as a criminally insane juvenile.[2] Released at the age of twenty-one after convincing psychiatrists he was rehabilitated, Kemper was regarded as innocent and non-threatening by his young female victims, embodying the persona of a "gentle giant"[3] – a facade he created using nonverbal cues, such as deliberately glancing at his watch while approaching his victims, to deceive them into entering his vehicle.[3] He solely targeted young student hitchhikers during his murder spree, luring them into his vehicle and driving them to quiet, unfrequented areas where he would murder them before taking their corpses back to his home to be violated and desecrated, with Kemper often keeping the severed heads of his victims for several days before disposal. He then murdered his mother and one of her friends before turning himself in to the authorities. He requested the death penalty for his crimes, however capital punishment was temporarily suspended in California and he instead received eight life sentences, since then Kemper has been incarcerated in the California Medical Facility.

Kemper is noted for his imposing stature and high intelligence, standing 6-foot-9-inches (2.06 m) tall, weighing over 300 lbs (136 kg) and having an IQ in the genius range, attributes that left his victims with little chance to overcome him.[4][5]

Early life

Edmund Kemper III in his youth.

Edmund Emil Kemper III was born in Burbank, California, as the middle child and only son born to Edmund Emil Kemper II (1919–1985), who stood at 6-foot-8-inches (2.03m),[2] and Clarnell Elizabeth Kemper (née Stage) (1921–1973), who stood at 6-foot (1.83m).[2][6]

As a child, he was extremely bright but exhibited antisocial and psychopathic behavior such as cruelty to animals; with a ten-year-old Kemper burying a pet cat alive, and once dead, digging it up, decapitating it and mounting its head on a spike.[2][7][8] Kemper later said that when he killed the family cat, he had felt empowered after persuasively lying about it.[9] He also acted out bizarre sexual rituals with his sisters' dolls that culminated in him removing their heads and hands,[10] and held a dark fantasy life; demonstrated on one occasion when Kemper's eldest sister teased him and asked why he doesn’t try to kiss his teacher, he replied: "If I kiss her, I’d have to kill her first".[9][10] He also recalled that as a little boy, he would sneak out of his house and, armed with his father's bayonet, go to his second-grade teacher's house to watch her through the windows.[10] Kemper stated in later interviews that as a child some of his favorite games to play were "Gas Chamber" and "Electric Chair", in which he asked his sister to tie him up, flip an imaginary switch and then he would tumble over and writhe on the floor, pretending to be dying of gas inhalation or electric shock.[10]

Kemper had a close relationship with his father and was devastated when his parents separated in 1957 and he had to be raised by his mother in Helena, Montana. He had a severely dysfunctional relationship with his mother Clarnell, a neurotic, domineering alcoholic who would constantly belittle, humiliate and verbally abuse him. Clarnell often made her son sleep in a locked basement because she feared that he would harm or molest his sisters,[11] and regularly mocked Edmund for his large size — Kemper stood at 6-foot-4-inches (1.93m) by the age of 15[2] — as well as deriding his "weirdo" personality.[10] She incessantly told the young Kemper that he reminded her of his father and that no woman would ever love him.[12][7] Kemper later described her as a "sick angry woman",[13] and it is postulated that she suffered from borderline personality disorder.[14] At age thirteen, Kemper ran away from home in an attempt to reconcile with his father in Van Nuys, Los Angeles.[9] Once there, he learned that his father had remarried and had another son. Kemper stayed with his father for a short while until the elder Kemper sent him back to Montana.[2] When he was returned he killed another family cat, and kept pieces of the cat in his closet until his mother found them.[10][15][9] Upon this discovery, Clarnell sent him to live with his paternal grandparents – Edmund and Maude Kemper – who lived on a ranch in the mountains of North Fork, California.[1] Kemper hated living in North Fork; he referred to his grandfather as "senile" and projected his hatred of his mother onto his grandmother, claiming that she "was constantly emasculating [Kemper] and [Kemper's] grandfather."[16]

First murders

Maude Matilda Hughey Kemper
Edmund Emil Kemper

On August 27, 1964, Kemper's grandmother, 66-year-old Maude Matilda Hughey Kemper (b. 1897),[17] was sitting at the kitchen table working on her latest children's book when she and Kemper had an argument. Enraged by the argument, Kemper stormed off and grabbed the .22 caliber rifle which his grandfather had given him for hunting and, when Maude told him not to shoot any birds, he aimed the gun at her and fatally shot her in the head, before firing twice more into her back[18] – with some accounts claiming that Maude Kemper also suffered multiple posthumous stab wounds with a kitchen knife.[19][20] He then dragged her body out of the kitchen and into her bedroom, and when his grandfather, 72-year-old Edmund Emil Kemper (b. 1892),[21] came home from grocery shopping, Kemper went outside and fatally shot him in the driveway.[1] Kemper, having largely acted on impulse, was unsure of what to do next and called his mother in Montana, who urged him to contact the local police.[1] Kemper then called the police and calmly waited on the porch for them to come to the ranch and take him into custody.[22] When questioned by authorities, he said that he "just wanted to see what it felt like to kill Grandma", and that he killed his grandfather so that he wouldn't have to find out that his wife had been murdered.[7][22] Psychiatrist Donald Lunde, who interviewed Kemper during adulthood in-length, wrote that with these murders, "In his way, [Kemper] had avenged the rejection of both his father and his mother".[2] Kemper's crimes were deemed incomprehensible for a fifteen-year-old to commit, and court psychiatrists diagnosed him as suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and as being psychotic before sentencing him to the criminally insane unit of the Atascadero State Hospital.[23]

Imprisonment

At the Atascadero State Hospital, California Youth Authority psychiatrists and social workers strongly disagreed with the court psychiatrist’s diagnosis. Their reports stated that Kemper showed "no flight of ideas, no interference with thought, no expression of delusions or hallucinations, and no evidence of bizarre thinking"[23] and that he had retained his mental acuity from early childhood, testing at an I.Q. of 136.[22] He was re-diagnosed and stated as having just a "personality trait disturbance, passive-aggressive type",[23] and later, Kemper tested even higher at an I.Q. of 145.[24]

Kemper endeared himself to his psychiatrists by being a model prisoner and — due to his intelligence and astute nature[22] — was even trained by the staff to administer psychiatric tests to other prisoners,[23] with his psychiatrist commenting, "He was a very good worker and this is not typical of a sociopath. He really took pride in his work".[23] Kemper later admitted that being able to understand how these tests functioned allowed him to manipulate his psychiatrists, and also said that he learned a lot from the many sex offenders to whom he administrated tests; for example, he learned that it was important to kill witnesses after a rape.[23]

Release and time between murders

Kemper was released from Atascadero on his 21st birthday, December 18, 1969, after serving five years and proving to the parole board that he would be safe to release – being able to prove this as he had memorized the responses to 28 different assessment instruments for rehabilitation.[19] Against the recommendations of psychiatrists at the hospital,[2] he was released into his mother's care – who had remarried and taken the surname Strandberg – in 609 A, Ord Street, Aptos, California, a short drive from where she worked as an administrative assistant at the University of California, Santa Cruz.[25] Kemper later demonstrated further to his psychiatrists that he was rehabilitated, and on November 29, 1972, his juvenile records were permanently expunged,[26] with the last report from his probation psychiatrists reading:

If I were to see this patient without having any history available or getting any history from him, I would think that we're dealing with a very well adjusted young man who had initiative, intelligence and who was free of any psychiatric illnesses ... It is my opinion that he has made a very excellent response to the years of treatment and rehabilitation and I would see no psychiatric reason to consider him to be of any danger to himself or to any member of society ... [and] since it may allow him more freedom as an adult to develop his potential, I would consider it reasonable to have a permanent expunction of his juvenile records.[27]

While staying with his mother, Kemper attended community college as part of his parole requirements and had hoped he would become a state trooper,[25] but was rejected because of his size – at the time of his release from Atascadero, Kemper stood 6-foot-9-inches (2.06m) tall – which led to his nickname "Big Ed". Despite his rejection to become a state trooper, Kemper maintained relationships with Santa Cruz police officers and became a self-described "friendly nuisance"[28] at a bar called The Jury Room, which was a popular hangout for local law enforcement officers.[13] He also worked a series of menial jobs before securing employment with the State of California Highway Department (now known as Caltrans).[25] During this time, his relationship with his mother remained toxic and hostile, with mother and son having frequent arguments which their neighbors often overheard.[25] When he had saved enough money to move out of his mother's home, he went north to Alameda, near San Francisco, and shared a small apartment with a friend. But still complained of being unable to get away from his mother, with her constantly phoning him and paying him surprise visits,[3] and he often had limited funds which frequently caused him having to return to her apartment in Aptos.[25]

The same year he began working for the Highway Department, Kemper was hit by a car while out on his motorcycle which he had recently purchased. His arm was badly injured, and he received a $15,000 settlement in the civil suit he filed against the car’s driver. Unable to work, Kemper turned his mind toward other pursuits. He noticed a large number of young women hitchhiking in the area and Kemper began storing tools he thought he might need to fulfill his re-burgeoning murderous desires – including plastic bags, knives, blankets, and handcuffs – in the Yellow 1969 Ford Galaxie he bought with the money received from his settlement. For a period of time, he picked up girls and let them go – by his estimation, he picked up around 150 hitchhikers,[25] any of whom might have been chosen for his plan – and in doing so developing the nonverbal cues he would later use to ensnare his victims, before finally, he felt the inner drive which he called his "little zapples", and he acted.[25]

Later murders

Between May 1972 and April 1973, Kemper embarked on a murder spree that started with six female students and ended with the murders of his mother and her best friend. Kemper would pick up female students who were hitchhiking, take them to isolated areas where he would shoot, stab, smother or strangle his victims. He would then take their lifeless bodies back to his home where he would perform fellatio on their severed heads, have sex with their corpses and then dissect and dismember them.[29] During this 11-month spree, he killed five college co-eds, one high school student, his mother and his mother's best friend. Kemper has stated in interviews that he would often go hunting for victims after his mother's outbursts towards him, and that his mother refused to introduce him to women on campus. He recalled: "She would say, 'You're just like your father. You don't deserve to get to know them'".[30]

Mary Ann Pesce and Anita Luchessa

Mary Ann Pesce
Anita Luchessa

On May 7, 1972, Kemper was driving in Berkeley when he picked up two 18-year-old, hitchhiking Fresno State students, Mary Ann Pesce (b. 1953)[31] and Anita Mary Luchessa (b. 1953),[32] on the pretext of taking them to Stanford University.[33] After driving for an hour, he managed to reach a secluded wooded area, near Alameda, he was familiar with from his work at the highway department without alerting his passengers that he had changed directions from where they wanted to go.[3] Here he intended to rape them, but having learned from serial rapists in Atascadero that you should not leave witnesses, he instead handcuffed Pesce and locked Luchessa in the trunk, before stabbing and strangling Pesce to death and killing Luchessa in a similar manner.[2][30] Kemper later confessed that while handcuffing Pesce he "brushed the back of [his] hand against one of her breasts and it embarrassed [him]" before strangely adding that "[he] even said 'whoops, i'm sorry' or something like that" after unintentionally grazing her breast, despite going on to murder her merely minutes later.[3] Kemper then put both of the women's bodies in the trunk of his Ford Galaxie and returned to his apartment, being stopped on the way by a police officer for a broken taillight but managing not to be detected for his more serious offence.[30] His roommate was not at home so he took the bodies into his apartment, there he took pornographic photographs of, and had sex with, the naked corpses while dismembering them, then putting the body parts into plastic bags – which he later abandoned near Loma Prieta Mountain.[30][33] Before disposing of Pesce's and Luchessa's severed heads in a ravine, Kemper engaged in fellatio with both of them.[2] In August, Mary Ann Pesce's skull was found up on Loma Prieta Mountain. An extensive search failed to turn up the rest of her remains or a trace of her companion.[33]

Aiko Koo

Aiko Koo

On the evening of September 14, 1972, Kemper picked up 15-year-old Korean dance student Aiko Koo (b. 1957),[34] who had decided to hitchhike to a dance class after missing her bus.[35] He again drove to a secluded area, brandishing a gun on Koo before accidentally locking himself out of his car, however Koo let him back inside – Kemper had previously gained the 15-year-old's trust while holding her at gunpoint – where he proceeded to choke her unconscious, rape her and then finish killing her.[26] He then packed her body into the trunk of his car, had a few drinks at a nearby bar – then exiting the bar and opening his trunk, "admiring [his] catch like a fisherman"[27] – and returned to his apartment where he again had sex with the corpse, before dismemberment and disposal of her remains in a similar manner as the previous two victims.[26][36] Aiko's mother, Skaidrite Rubene Koo, called the police to report the disappearance of her daughter and put up hundreds of flyers asking for information as to her daughter's whereabouts, but did not receive one word in response regarding her missing daughter's location or status.[33]

Cindy Schall

Cindy Schall

On January 7, 1973, Kemper, who had now moved back in with his mother, was driving around the Cabrillo College campus when he picked up 18-year-old student Cynthia Ann 'Cindy' Schall (b. 1954).[37] He drove to a sequestered wooded area and fatally shot her with a .22 caliber pistol. He then placed her body in the trunk of his car and drove to his mother's house. He kept her body in his room and hid it in a closet overnight, and when his mother left for work the next morning, he had sex with, and removed the bullet from, her body, before dismembering and decapitating it in his mother's bathtub.[38][39] He kept her severed head for several days, regularly engaging in fellatio with it,[38] before burying it in his mother's garden facing upward toward her bedroom, later remarking that his mother "always wanted people to look up to her",[38][40] and proceeded to discard the rest of her remains by throwing them off a cliff.[36][39] Over the course of the following few weeks, all but her head and right hand were discovered and 'pieced together like a macabre jigsaw puzzle', with police and a pathologist determining she had been hacked to death, then sawed into pieces with a power saw.[33]

Rosalind Thorpe and Allison Liu

Rosalind Thorpe
Allison Liu

On February 5, 1973, after a heated argument with his mother,[39] Kemper left his house in search of possible victims. With heightened suspicion of a serial killer preying on hitchhikers in the Santa Cruz area, students were advised to only get into cars with University stickers on them, Kemper had such a sticker as his mother worked at UCSC.[13] He encountered 23-year-old Rosalind Heather Thorpe (b. 1949)[41] and 20-year-old Alice Helen 'Allison' Liu (b. 1952)[42] on the UCSC campus. According to Kemper, Thorpe entered his car first, which, in addition to the presence of a university sticker on Kemper's vehicle, reassured Liu to also enter.[33] Kemper then fatally shot Thorpe and Liu with his .22 caliber pistol, wrapped their bodies in blankets, and was waved through the security gates owing to the fact that he had a university sticker.[39]

He again brought his victims' corpses back to his mother's house, beheaded them in his car and carried a headless corpse into his mother's house to have sex with. His neighbors' lights were on and they would only have had to walk past their window to catch Kemper in the act, but they did not.[39] He then dismembered the bodies, removed the bullets to prevent identification and, the next morning, discarded parts of their remains at Eden Canyon, near San Francisco, and other locations.[39] Remains were found at Eden Canyon a week after the murders, and more remains were found by hikers near Highway 1 in San Mateo County in March.[43] When questioned in a later interview as to why he removed his victim's head before having sex with the body, he explained, "The head trip fantasies were a bit like a trophy. You know, the head is where everything is at, the brain, eyes, mouth. That's the person. I remember being told as a kid, you cut off the head and the body dies. The body is nothing after the head is cut off ... well, that's not quite true, there's a lot left in the girl's body without the head".[38]

Clarnell Strandberg and Sally Hallett

Clarnell Strandberg, Kemper's mother.

On April 20, 1973, while waiting for his mother, 52-year-old Clarnell Elizabeth Strandberg (b. 1921),[44] to come home from a party, Kemper fell asleep and was then awakened by her arrival. While his mother was sitting in bed reading a paperback book she noticed Kemper enter her room and said, "I suppose you're going to want to sit up all night and talk now", Kemper replied, "No, good night!",[45] before waiting for her to fall asleep and returning to bludgeon her with a claw hammer and slit her throat with a knife. He then decapitated her and engaged in fellatio with her severed head before using it as a dart board.[46] He also cut out her tongue and vocal cords and put them in the garbage disposal. However, the garbage disposal could not break down the tough vocal cord tissue and ejected the tissue back into the sink. He later said, "That seemed appropriate as much as she'd bitched and screamed and yelled at me over so many years".[47] He then had sex with his mother's corpse, hid it in a closet and went out to drink,[48] before returning and inviting his mother's best friend, 59-year-old Sara T. 'Sally' Hallett (b. 1913),[49] over to the house for dinner and a movie. Upon her arrival, he strangled her to death, had sex with her exanimate body, decapitated her and stuffed her corpse into a closet hoping that a double-homicide would draw less attention to him than a single-homicide of his mother.[40] Kemper then went to sleep, obscured any outward signs of a disturbance, left a note to the police reading:

Appx. 5:15 A.M. Saturday. No need for her to suffer any more at the hands of this horrible "murderous Butcher". It was quick—asleep—the way I wanted it. Not sloppy and incomplete, gents. Just a "lack of time." I got things to do!!![50]

and then left the scene in Sally Hallett's car.[48]

Kemper drove eastward, leaving California, driving through Nevada and Utah. He arrived in Pueblo, Colorado, and after not hearing any news on the radio about the murders of his mother and Sally Hallett, Kemper found a phone booth and called the police. He confessed to the murders of his mother and Hallett, but the police didn't take his call seriously and told him to call back at a later time. Several hours later, Kemper called again asking to speak to an officer he personally knew. Kemper then confessed to that officer of killing his mother and Hallett, but he did not mention he was also the murderer of the six female students. Kemper waited in his car for the police to arrive, arrest him and take him into custody, where he then confessed to the murders of the six students.[43] When asked after his arrest what motivated him to turn himself in, Kemper said "The original purpose was gone ... It wasn't serving any physical or real or emotional purpose. It was just a pure waste of time ... Emotionally, I couldn't handle it much longer. Toward the end there, I started feeling the folly of the whole damn thing, and at the point of near exhaustion, near collapse, I just said to hell with it and called it all off".[51]

Trial

Edmund Kemper in custody, towering above correctional officers.

Kemper was indicted of eight counts of first-degree murder on May 7, 1973.[52] He was assigned the Chief Public Defender of Santa Cruz County attorney Jim Jackson – who had defended John Linley Frazier and also been assigned to the Herbert Mullin case.[52] But due to Kemper's explicit and detailed confession, his counsel's only option was to plead not guilty by reason of insanity to the charges. Kemper twice tried to commit suicide in custody, failing both times and his trial went ahead on October 23, 1973.[52]

Three court appointed psychiatrists found Kemper to be legally sane, with Dr. Joel Fort having looked at Kemper's juvenile records to examine the diagnosis that he was then psychotic. He interviewed Kemper at length, including under truth serum, and told the court that Kemper had also engaged in acts of cannibalism. He allegedly cooked and ate parts of the girls' flesh after dismembering them.[52] Nevertheless, Fort decided that Kemper had known what he was doing in each incident, was thrilled by the notoriety of being a serial killer, and had been entirely aware that his actions were wrong.[52] California relied on the M'Naghten standard for sanity that was used throughout most of the country. According to the wording, this standard held that for a defendant to "establish a defense on the ground of insanity, it must be clearly proved that at the time of committing the act the party accused was laboring under such a defect of reason, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, or as not to know that what he was doing was wrong".[53] Kemper clearly did know that his acts of murder were wrong, and had also shown evidence of premeditation and planning.[52] Kemper himself took stand on November 1, and tried to convince the jury that he was insane based on the 'product standard' that his acts could only have been committed by someone with an aberrant mind.[54]

On November 8, 1973, the six-man, six-woman jury deliberated for five hours, before finding Kemper sane and guilty of eight counts of first-degree murder.[1][54] He asked for the death penalty – saying to the judge that he 'ought to be tortured to death'.[54] However, with a moratorium placed on capital punishment by the Supreme Court at that time, Kemper instead received seven years to life for each count, with these terms to be served concurrently, and was sentenced to California Medical Facility for incarceration and medical observation.[54]

Imprisonment

In the California Medical Facility, Kemper was incarcerated in the same prison block as other notorious criminals such as Herbert Mullin and Charles Manson. Kemper showed particular disdain for Mullin, who committed his murders at the same time in Santa Cruz as Kemper's in a psychotic belief that his crimes would prevent catastrophic earthquakes. Kemper described Mullin as "just a cold-blooded killer ... killing everybody he saw for no good reason".[51] However, Kemper himself commented on the irony of his "self-righteous talking like that [about Mullin], considering what [he had] done".[51] Despite this concession of hypocrisy, Kemper still tormented, manipulated and physically intimidated the diminutive 5-foot-7-inch Mullin – who he nicknamed "Herbie", a name Mullin despised. Kemper stated that "[Mullin] had a habit of singing and bothering people when somebody tried to watch TV, so I threw water on him to shut him up. Then, when he was a good boy, I'd give him peanuts. Herbie liked peanuts. That was effective, because pretty soon he asked permission to sing. That's called behavior modification treatment".[51]

Edmund Kemper in his office, scheduling other inmates' appointments with prison psychiatrists.

Kemper remains among the general prison population and is considered a 'model prisoner',[54] being in charge of scheduling other inmates' appointments with psychiatrists, regularly reading books on tape for the blind and being a skilled craftsman of ceramic cups,[54] at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, California.[1] While imprisoned, Kemper has participated in a number of interviews, including a segment in the 1982 documentary The Killing of America,[55] as well as an appearance in the 1984 documentary Murder: No Apparent Motive, about serial killers and FBI Profilers.[56] His interviews are notable for their contribution to understanding the mind of serial killers. He is very forthcoming about the nature of his crimes and also has stated that he participated in the interviews to save others like himself from killing, as he regards himself as much of a victim as the deceased. FBI profiler John E. Douglas describes Kemper as "among the brightest prison inmates he ever interviewed"[4] and capable of "rare insight for a violent criminal".[57] Nonetheless, Kemper has continued to display manipulative and potentially threatening behavior. For example, when Douglas's colleague Robert Ressler was in a cell alone with Kemper, Kemper noticed the apprehension in Ressler after he had pressed an obscured button repeatedly to call a guard to open the cell and had not received a response and calmly told him to relax, but remarked: "If I went apeshit in here, you'd be in a lot of trouble, wouldn't you? I could screw your head off and place it on the table to greet the guard".[4] Ressler mentally sparred with Kemper, trying to buy time and hoping to give the impression that he had a way to defend himself. The prison guard eventually arrived and Ressler left unharmed, with Kemper displaying no physical aggression and stating afterwards that he was joking, but Ressler never entered a cell alone again with Kemper.[4]

Kemper was eligible for parole in 2007, and again in 2012. On both occasions, he told the parole board he was not fit to return to society and was denied parole.[54] As of February, 2016, Kemper is quoted by his attorney Scott Curney as feeling that 'no one’s ever going to let him out and he’s just happy going about his life in prison', with Kemper stipulating that he is uninterested in attending his next parole hearing in 2017.[58][59]

In popular culture

Film

Literature

Music

Trivia

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 A&E Television Networks. "Edmund Kemper Biography". Biography.com.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Katherine Ramsland. "Edmund Kemper: The Coed Butcher". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Vronsky, Peter. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. p. 261. ISBN 0-425-19640-2.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Prison Interviews". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  5. ↑ "Assessment". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Ancestry of Edmund Emil Kemper III". wargs.com.
  7. 1 2 3 "Edmund Kemper Biography". crimeandinvestigation.co.uk.
  8. ↑ Helen Gavin (2013). Criminological and Forensic Psychology. p. 120.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Creating a Killer". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vronsky, Peter. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. p. 259. ISBN 0-425-19640-2.
  11. ↑ Lawson 2002, pp. 129–131, 136
  12. ↑ Vronsky, Peter. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. p. 258. ISBN 0-425-19640-2.
  13. 1 2 3 Larson, Amy. "Santa Cruz Serial Killer Spotlighted In TV Documentary". KSBW.
  14. ↑ Lawson 2002, pp. 129–131, 136, 139, 141, 144 , 278
  15. ↑ Martingale 1995, p. 104
  16. ↑ von Beroldingen, Marj (March 1974). ""I Was the Hunter and They Were the Victims": Interview with Edmund Kemper". Front Page Detective Magazine.
  17. ↑ "Maude Kemper memorial". findagrave.com.
  18. ↑ Cheney, Margaret (1976). The Co-ed Killer. ISBN 0-8027-0514-6.
  19. 1 2 Frasier, David K. (2007). Murder Cases of the Twentieth Century: Biographies of 280 Convicted or Accused Killers. ISBN 0-7864-3031-1.
  20. ↑ Lunde, Donald T. (1976). Murder and Madness. ISBN 0-913374-33-4.
  21. ↑ "Edmund Emil Kemper memorial". findagrave.com.
  22. 1 2 3 4 "Incomprehensible". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vronsky, Peter. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. p. 260. ISBN 0-425-19640-2.
  24. ↑ Sue Russell (2002). Lethal Intent. Pinnacle. p. 511. ISBN 978-0-7860-1518-4.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "The Beginning". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015.
  26. 1 2 3 "Psychiatric Follow-up". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  27. 1 2 Vronsky, Peter. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. p. 263. ISBN 0-425-19640-2.
  28. ↑ "Ed Kemper Interview 1984. 12m9s".
  29. ↑ Martingale 1995, p. 108
  30. 1 2 3 4 "The First Murder". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  31. ↑ "Mary Ann Pesce memorial". findagrave.com.
  32. ↑ "Anita Luchessa memorial". findagrave.com.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stephens, Hugh (August 1973). "I’ll Show You Where I Buried the Pieces of Their Bodies". Inside Detective.
  34. ↑ "Aiko Koo memorial". findagrave.com.
  35. ↑ Gini Graham Scott (1 January 2007). American Murder [Two Volumes]. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-313-02476-4.
  36. 1 2 Michael Newton (1 January 2006). The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Infobase Publishing. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-8160-6987-3.
  37. ↑ "Cindy Schall memorial". findagrave.com.
  38. 1 2 3 4 Vronsky, Peter. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. p. 264. ISBN 0-425-19640-2.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "More Victims". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  40. 1 2 "Revenge". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  41. ↑ "Rosalind Thorpe memorial". findagrave.com.
  42. ↑ "Allison Liu memorial". findagrave.com.
  43. 1 2 John E. Douglas; Mark Olshaker (26 November 1998). Mindhunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit. Scribner. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-684-86447-1.
  44. ↑ "Clarnell Strandberg". findagrave.com.
  45. ↑ "Ed Kemper Interview 1984. 18m25s".
  46. ↑ "Ed Kemper Interview 1984. 19m18s".
  47. ↑ John E. Douglas and Mark Olshaker (1995), Mindhunter: inside the FBI's elite serial crime unit, Scribner, p. 153, ISBN 0-671-52890-4
  48. 1 2 "The Call". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Sally Hallett". findagrave.com.
  50. ↑ Vronsky, Peter. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. p. 265. ISBN 0-425-19640-2.
  51. 1 2 3 4 Vronsky, Peter. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. p. 266. ISBN 0-425-19640-2.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "On Trial". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  53. ↑ "M'Naghten rules". e-lawsources.co.uk.
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Kemper on the Stand". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  55. ↑ "The Killing of America". imdb.com.
  56. ↑ "Murder: No Apparent Motive". imdb.com.
  57. ↑ Douglas, John E. and Mark Olshaker (1997). Journey Into Darkness: Follow the FBI's Premier Investigative Profiler as He Penetrates the Minds and Motives of the Most Terrifying Serial Criminals. Scribner, ISBN 978-0684833040, p. 35-36
  58. ↑ "Edmund Kemper says he's 'happy' in jail and never wants to be released". dailymail.co.uk.
  59. 1 2 "Serial Killer quoted in American Psycho doesn't want to leave jail". nypost.com.
  60. ↑ "Serial Killers in Movies list". listal.com.
  61. ↑ "Marc Dugain dans la tete de l'assassin" (in French). lexpress.fr.
  62. ↑ "Death Capital". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015.

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