Edmund Sears

Edmund Hamilton Sears (April 6, 1810 – January 14, 1876) was an American Unitarian parish minister and author who wrote a number of theological works influencing 19th century liberal Protestants. Sears is known today primarily as the man who penned the words to "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear" in 1849. It has been sung to two tunes, one by Richard Storrs Willis and another adapted by Arthur Sullivan from a traditional English air.

Sears originally wrote the song as a melancholy reflection on his times while a minister in Wayland, Massachusetts, US. However, "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear" has since become a popular Christmas carol.

Biography

Born on April 6, 1810, the youngest of three sons of Joseph and Lucy (Smith) Sears, Edmund grew up on a farm within sight of the Berkshire Hills, in Sandisfield, Massachusetts.^[1] Sears attended Union College, in Schenectady, New York, where he was a member of the Delta Phi Fraternity. Following graduation from Union in 1834, Sears studied law for nine months under a lawyer in Sandisfield. He attended Harvard Divinity School, graduating in 1837 and began to preach as a missionary in Toledo, Ohio, remaining nearly a year. He served the Greater Boston Unitarian congregation in Wayland, and then a larger congregation in Lancaster. After seven years of hard work, he suffered a breakdown and returned to Wayland. He wrote It Came Upon the Midnight Clear while serving as a part-time preacher in Wayland.^[2]

In addition to the above noted hymn, Sears authored the following publications: Fire-side Colloquies (1847); Regeneration (1853); Calm on the Listening Ear of Night; Pictures of the Olden Time, 1857; Athanasia (1858); and Sermons and Songs of the Christian Life, 1875. With Rev R Ellis he edited "The Monthly Religious Magazine" for twelve years.^[3]

Sears found the Christ best presented in the Gospel of John. The Fourth Gospel the Heart of Christ (1872) was his most widely-read work.^[1]

Sears preached the equality of women and men. After the Fugitive Slave Law was passed, Sears declared from his pulpit that "when the human and the Divine law were in conflict it was the duty of all to obey the latter."^[1] On Sunday, June 16th, 1856, Rev. Sears delivered a sermon entitled "Discourse" which not only condemned chattel slavery as evil, but he also the slaveholders whom he called the "slave power." The sermon was deemed to be such a strong argument against slavery that it was published and circulated as a pamphlet by Massachusetts Abolitionists. "When wrong has become so organized as to make the state its permanent body," said Rev. Sears, then the state's functions and the men holding offices do the bidding of wrong and of evil. Rev. Sears continued, "... humanity dies out of it [the state], and demonism becomes its life and soul."

He died January 14, 1876, in Weston, Massachusetts.^[4]

References

1. Hughes, Peter. "Edmund Hamilton Sears", Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography, April 24, 2002
2. Sawyer, Ken. "It came upon a Unitarian midnight clear", UUWorld, November 1, 2002
3. Julian, John. Dictionary of Hymnology, 1907
4. Tillett, Wilbur. The Hymns and Hymnwriters of the Church, Eaton & Mains, New York, 1911

Bibliography

Basic biographical information on Sears may be found in:

• History of the Church in Weston (1909)
• Eliot, Samuel A. Heralds of a Liberal Faith, vol. 3 (1910).
• Robins, Chandler "Memoir of Rev. Edmund Hamilton Sears," Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 18 (1891).
• Christ-Janer, Albert et al., comps., American Hymns Old and New (2 vols., 1980)
• Cooke, George W., Unitarianism in America (1902);
• Wright, C. Conrad. The Liberal Christians (1970)
• Wright, Charles Edick. American Unitarianism, 1805-1865 (1989).

Obituaries and tributes are in the Unitarian Review (Feb. 1876); the Christian Register, 22 and 29 Jan. 1872; and the Boston Daily Advertiser, 18 Jan. 1876.

Media

	It Came upon the Midnight Clear Instrumental - Piano, Violin, and English Horn
Problems playing this file? See media help.

External links

• The papers of Edmund Hamilton Sears are in the Andover-Harvard Theological Library at Harvard Divinity School in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• Works by or about Edmund Sears at Internet Archive
• Works by Edmund Sears at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)