Edwin Lawrence Godkin

Edwin Lawrence Godkin
Born	October 2, 1831 County Wicklow, Ireland
Died	May 21, 1902 (aged 70) Devon, England
Occupation	Journalist, editor
Signature

Edwin Lawrence Godkin (October 2, 1831 – May 21, 1902) was an Irish-born American journalist and newspaper editor. He founded The Nation, and was editor-in-chief of the New York Evening Post 1883-1899.^[1]

Biography

Godkin was born in Moyne (a hamlet in Knockananna), County Wicklow, Ireland. His father, James Godkin, was a Congregationalist minister and a journalist. He studied law at Queen's College, Belfast, where he was the first president of the Literary and Scientific Society. After leaving Belfast in 1851 and studying law in London, he was the 1853-1855 Crimean War correspondent for the London Daily News in Turkey and Russia, being present at the Siege of Sevastopol.

In 1856, he emigrated to the United States and wrote letters to the News, giving his impressions of a tour on horseback he made of the southern states of the American Union. He studied law under David Dudley Field in New York City, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. Owing to impaired health, he travelled in Europe in 1860-1862. He wrote for the News and the New York Times in 1862-1865. In 1865, he founded The Nation in New York City, a weekly projected by him long before, for which Charles Eliot Norton gained friends in Boston and James Miller McKim in Philadelphia. In 1866, two others joined Godkin as proprietors, while he remained editor until the end of the year 1899. In 1881 he sold the Nation to the New York Evening Post, and became an associate editor of the Post, of which he was editor-in-chief in 1883-1899, succeeding Carl Schurz.

In the eighties he engaged in a controversy with Goldwin Smith over the Irish question. Under his leadership the Post^[2] broke with the Republican Party in the presidential campaign of 1884, when Godkin's opposition to nominee James G. Blaine did much to create the so-called Mugwump party, and his organ became thoroughly independent, as was seen when it attacked the Venezuelan policy of President Grover Cleveland, who had in so many ways approximated the ideal of the Post and Nation. He consistently advocated currency reform, the gold standard, a tariff for revenue only, and civil service reform, rendering the greatest aid to the last cause. His attacks on Tammany Hall were so frequent and so virulent that in 1894 he was sued for libel because of biographical sketches of certain leaders in that organization; cases which never came up for trial. In 1896, Godkin broke with the Democratic party after it nominated William Jennings Bryan. He supported the National Democratic Party (United States) third ticket because it championed a gold standard, limited government, and opposed protectionism. His opposition to the war with Spain and to imperialism was able and forcible.^[3][4]

He retired from his editorial duties on the December 30, 1899, and sketched his career in the Evening Post of that date. Although he recovered from a severe apoplectic stroke early in 1900, his health was shattered, and he died in Greenway, Devon, England, on the May 21, 1902. He was buried at Saint Michael's Church in Haselbech, Daventry District, Northamptonshire, England, near the home of the friend with whom he had been staying.^[5][6][7]

Godkin shaped the lofty and independent policy of the Post and The Nation, which had a small but influential and intellectual class of readers. But as editor he had none of the personal magnetism of Greeley, for instance, and his superiority to the influence of popular feeling made Charles Dudley Warner style the Nation the weekly judgment day. He was an economist of the school of John Stuart Mill, urged the necessity of the abstraction called economic man, and insisted that socialism put in practice would not improve social and economic conditions in general. In politics, he was an enemy of sentimentalism and loose theories in government.

See also

• Imperialism
• Irish Question

Gallery

• 
• 
• 
• 

  Commemorative Plaque, Queen's University, Belfast.

• 

  Caricature of Godkin, 1898.

• 

  Edwin Godkin, 1870.

• 

  "Busted," by J. S. Pughe., Puck Magazine, December 20, 1899.

• 

  "The Spider and the Three Silly Flies," by J. S. Pughe. October 10, 1900.

• 

  "They Can't Hold Him Back," by J. S. Pughe. Puck Magazine, May 24, 1899.

• 

  "Our Busy Old Women," by J. S. Pughe. Puck Magazine, March 22, 1899.

• 
• 
• 
• 

Works

• The History of Hungary and the Magyars. New York: Alexander Montgomery, 1853.
• Government, “American Science Series,” 1871.
• Henry G. Pearson: A Memorial Address delivered June 21, 1894. New York: Privately Printed, 1894.
• Reflections and Comments. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1895.
• Problems of Modern Democracy. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1897 (1st Pub. 1896).
• Unforeseen Tendencies of Democracy. New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1898.
• Life and Letters of Edwin Lawrence Godkin, Vol. 2. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1907.
• A Letter on Lincoln. Riverside, Conn.: The Hillacre Bookhouse, 1913.

Selected articles

• "Anglo-French Alliance and Orsini," The Knickerbocker, Vol. III, No. 1. July 1858.
• "French Invasion of England," The Knickerbocker, November 1859.
• "Commercial Immorality and Political Corruption," The North American Review, Vol. 107, No. 220, Jul., 1868.
• "The Prospects of the Political Art," The North American Review, Vol. 110, No. 227, Apr., 1870.
• "The Eastern Question," The North American Review, Vol. 124, No. 254, Jan., 1877.
• "The Political Outlook," The Century Magazine, February 1880.
• "The Civil Service Reform Controversy," The North American Review, Vol. 134, No. 305, Apr., 1882.
• "The Danger of an Office-Holding Aristocracy," The Century Magazine, June 1882.
• "American Home Rule." In: Handbook of Home Rule. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1887.
• "A Lawyer's Objection to Home Rule." In: Handbook of Home Rule. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1887.
• "American Opinion on the Irish Question," The Nineteenth Century, Vol. XXII, July/December 1887.
• "The Republican Party and the Negro," The Forum, Vol. VII, 1889.
• "Public Opinion and the Civil Service," The Forum, Vol. VIII, 1889.
• "Newspapers Here and Abroad," The North American Review, Vol. 150, No. 399, Feb., 1890.
• "Criminal Politics," The North American Review, Vol. 150, No. 403, Jun., 1890.
• "Money Interests in Political Affairs," The Forum, Vol. X, 1890.
• "A Key to Municipal Reform," The North American Review, Vol. 151, No. 407, Oct., 1890.
• "The Economic Man," The North American Review, Vol. 153, No. 419, Oct., 1891.
• "Idleness and Immorality," The Forum, Vol. XIII, 1892.
• "A Month of Quarantine," The North American Review, Vol. 155, No. 433, Dec., 1892.
• "The Duty of Educated Men in a Democracy," The Forum, Vol. XVII, 1894.
• "The Problems of Municipal Government," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 4, May, 1894.
• "Who Will Pay the Bills of Socialism?," The Forum, Vol. XVII, 1894.
• "Diplomacy and the Newspaper," The North American Review, Vol. 160, No. 462, May, 1895.
• "The Political Situation," The Forum, Vol. XXI, May 1896.
• "The Absurdity of War," The Century Magazine, January 1897.
• "The Illiteracy of American Boys," Educational Review, Vol. XIII, January 1897.
• "Peculiarities of American Municipal Government," The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 80, 1897.
• "The Conditions of Good Colonial Government," The Forum, Vol. XXVII, 1899.
• "Horrors of War — Fighting Instincts Hereditary," The Advocate of Peace (1894-1920), Vol. 62, No. 2, February 1900.
• "The Eclipse of Liberalism," The Nation, Vol. LXXI, 1900.
• "Burke." In: The Library of Oratory, Ancient and Modern. New York: Current Literature Pub. Co., 1902.

Other

•  Baynes, T.S.; Smith, W.R., eds. (1884). "New York". Encyclopædia Britannica 17 (9th ed.).

Notes

1. "Edwin Lawrence Godkin," Literary Digest, May 31, 1902.
2. "The Evening Post Hundredth Anniversary," The Evening Post Publishing Co., 1902.
3. David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito, "Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896-1900," Independent Review 4 (Spring 2000), 555-75
4. Raico, Ralph (2011-03-29) Neither-the-Wars-Nor-the-Leaders-Were-Great Neither the Wars Nor the Leaders Were Great, Mises Institute
5. Edwin Lawrence Godkin at Find a Grave
6. New York Times, Burial of E. L. Godkin; Ambassador Choate One of Those Present at the Ceremony, May 29, 1902
7. Martin Nicholson's Cemetery Project, St. Michael, Haselbech, Northamptonshire, August 5, 2010

References

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Godkin, Edwin Lawrence". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
•  Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, eds. (1900). "Godkin, Edwin Lawrence". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
• Armstrong, William M. (1957). E.L. Godkin and American Foreign Policy, 1865-1900. New York: Bookman Associates. External link in |title= (help)
• Armstrong, William M. (1978). E.L. Godkin: A Biography. Albany: State University of New York.
• Armstrong, William M. ed. (1974). The Gilded Age Letters of E.L. Godkin. Albany: State University of New York.
• Beito, David T. & Beito, Linda Royster. "Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896-1900," Independent Review, 4, pp. 555–75 (Spring 2000).

Further reading

• Bryce, James (1903). "Edwin Lawrence Godkin." In: Studies in Contemporary Biography. New York: The Macmillan Company.
• Cary, Edward (1907). "The Career of Edwin L. Godkin," The New York Times, April 20, p. 252.
• Filler, Louis (1962). Late Nineteenth-Century American Liberalism. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co.
• Garrison, Wendell Phillips (1909). "Edwin Lawrence Godkin." in Letters and Memorials of Wendell Phillips Garrison. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co.
• Howells, W. D. (1907). "A Great New York Journalist," The North American Review, Vol. 187, No. 614.
• Lucas, C. P. (2004). "Godkin, Edwin Lawrence (1831–1902)." In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Nevins, Allan (1922). The Evening Post: A Century of Journalism. New York: Boni and Liveright.
• Pollak, Gustav (1915). Fifty Years of American Idealism. New York: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1915.
• Rhodes, James Ford (1909). "Edwin Lawrence Godkin." In: Historical Essays. New York: The Macmillan Company.
• Rifkin, Lester Harvey. Edwin L. Godkin and The Nation, Thesis (Ph.D.), Brown University, 1959.
• Ross, Earle Dudley (1919). The Liberal Republican Movement. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
• Russ, Jr., William A. (1945). "Godkin Looks at Western Agrarianism: A Case Study," Agricultural History, Vol. 19, No. 4.
• Villard, Oswald Garrison (1923). "Edwin L. Godkin, Master of Comment and of Style." In: Some Newspapers And Newspaper-Men. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

External links

• Works by Edwin Lawrence Godkin at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Edwin Lawrence Godkin at Internet Archive
• The Eclipse of Liberalism
• Edwin Lawrence Godkin Papers