Eidothea zoexylocarya

Eidothea zoexylocarya
Eidothea zoexylocarya leaves, Atherton CSIRO
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Subfamily: Proteoideae
Genus: Eidothea
Species: E. zoexylocarya
Binomial name
Eidothea zoexylocarya
A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland[1][2]

Eidothea zoexylocarya is a species of tall rainforest trees, endemic to north-eastern Queensland, Australia and constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae.[3] In European–Australian science, these trees were only recognised in recent decades, first from the slopes of Mount Bartle Frere, the Queensland mountain which reaches the highest altitude. In 1995, scientific descriptions of the trees, as this genus and type species, were published for the first time by Andrew W. Douglas and Bernie Hyland.[1][2][4] The species name refers to the almost identical fossil fruit Xylocaryon lockii F.Muell. (picture below), from Ballarat, southern Australia, still extant (zoe means life) in this north-eastern Australian species.

Eidothea zoexylocarya's rare, endemic, geographically isolated distribution has obtained the conservation status "vulnerable", officially listed in the regulation current as of 27 September 2013, of the Queensland government legislation, the Nature Conservation Act 1992.[5]

Description

They grow naturally to tall trees up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall, with one main trunk, up to 80 cm (31 in) diameter at breast height and without the coppice shoots around the base typical of Eidothea hardeniana.[1][4][6] They have ash–grey bark with pale lenticels.[7]

They have simple leaves, mostly hairless, 45–145×15–55 mm (1.77–5.71×0.59–2.17 in), arranged opposite to each other or in whorls of 3–8.[1][3][6] E. zoexylocarya is the only known Proteaceae to possess giant cuticular pores in its leaves (diameter 1 μm, density 120000/mm2),[8] which could play a role in absorbing more water from mist after periods of water stress.

From Sep. to May flowering occurs in axillary or terminal clusters, 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) long, of 6–10 flowers; each flower has white or cream perianth parts 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) long, fragrant and insect pollinated.[1][3][6]

The fruits have a globose or ovoid shape, green to yellowish or brown, 2.1–6.0 cm (0.83–2.36 in) long x 1.8–6.5 cm (0.7–2.6 in) wide and ripen from Aug.–May.[1][6] Each seed is contained in a hard woody brown endocarp with several longitudinal ribs on its inside corresponding to longitudinal intrusions in the seed surface. Giant white-tailed rats eat the seeds both on the tree and the ground. The hollowed out woody endocarps often remain around the base of the parent tree as they break down slowly.[1]

Distribution and habitat

They grow naturally in rainforests from Mount Bartle Frere (headwaters of the Mulgrave River and Russell River) to Thornton Peak and Mount Pieter Botte (headwaters of the Bloomfield River), north-eastern Queensland. They grow naturally in soils derived from metamorphic or granitic geological parent materials, in complex mesophyll (leaf area) to simple notophyll vine forests, at altitude 430–1,480 m (1,410–4,860 ft) and have records from several conservation areas.

Fruit picture

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Douglas, Andrew W.; Hyland, Bernie P. M. (1995). "Eidothea zoexylocarya A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland". In McCarthy, P. M. Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 (online version). Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pages 473, 128, Fig. 46, Map 119. ISBN 978-0-643-05692-3. Retrieved 4 Nov 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Eidothea zoexylocarya A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 Hyland, B. P. M.; Whiffin, T.; Zich, F. A.; et al. (Dec 2010). "Factsheet – Eidothea zoexylocarya". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Edition 6.1, online version [RFK 6.1]. Cairns, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), through its Division of Plant Industry; the Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research; the Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University. Retrieved 4 Nov 2013.
  4. 1 2 Weston, P. H.; Kooyman, R. M. (2002). "Systematics of Eidothea (Proteaceae), with the description of a new species, E. hardeniana, from the Nightcap Range, north-eastern New South Wales" (PDF). Telopea 9: 821–832.
  5. ↑ Queensland Government (27 Sep 2013). "Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006" (PDF). Nature Conservation Act 1992. Online, accessed from www.legislation.qld.gov.au. Australia. p. 49. Retrieved 28 Nov 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). "Eidothea zoexylocarya A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland". Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 410. ISBN 9780958174213. Retrieved 4 Nov 2013.
  7. ↑ Douglas, Andrew W.; Hyland, Bernie P. M. (1995). "Eidothea A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland". In McCarthy, P. M. Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 (online version). Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pages 472, 127-128. ISBN 978-0-643-05692-3. Retrieved 4 Nov 2013.
  8. ↑ Carpenter, Raymond; Jordan, Gregory J.; Leigh, Andrea; Brodribb, Timothy J. (Aug 2007). "Giant cuticular pores in Eidothea zoexylocarya (Proteaceae) leaves". American Journal of Botany 94 (8): 1282–1288. doi:10.3732/ajb.94.8.1282. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013.
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