Khalid El-Masri

For the person with similar name mentioned in the 9/11 Commission Report, see Khalid al-Masri.
Khalid El-Masri
Born (1963-06-29) June 29, 1963
Kuwait
Nationality German

Khalid El-Masri (also Khaled El-Masri[1] and Khaled Masri,[2] Levantine Arabic pronunciation: [ˈxaːlɪd elˈmɑsˤɾi, -ˈmɑsˤɾe], Arabic: خالد المصري‎) (born June 29, 1963) is a German and Lebanese citizen who was mistakenly abducted by the Macedonian police, and handed over to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). While in CIA custody, he was flown to Afghanistan, where he was held at a black site and routinely interrogated, beaten, strip-searched, sodomized, and subjected to other cruel forms of inhumane and degrading treatment and torture.[3][4][5][6][7] After El-Masri held hunger strikes, and was detained for four months in the "Salt Pit", the CIA finally admitted his arrest and torture were a mistake and released him.[8] He is believed to be among an estimated 3,000 detainees whom the CIA has abducted from 2001–2005.[2]

In May 2004, the U.S. Ambassador to Germany, Daniel R. Coats, convinced the German interior minister, Otto Schily, not to press charges or to reveal the program.[2] El-Masri filed suit against the CIA for his arrest, extraordinary rendition and torture. In 2006, his suit El Masri v. Tenet, in which he was represented by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), was dismissed by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, based on the U.S. government's claiming the state secrets privilege. The ACLU said the Bush administration attempted to shield its abuses by invoking this privilege.[9] The case was also dismissed by the Appeals Court for the Fourth Circuit, and in December 2007, the United States Supreme Court declined to hear the case.

On December 13, 2012, El Masri won an Article 34 case at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The court determined he had been tortured while held by CIA agents and ruled that Macedonia was responsible for abusing him while in the country, and knowingly transferring him to the CIA when torture was a possibility. It awarded him compensation.[10][11] This marked the first time that CIA activities against detainees was legally declared as torture.[12] The European Court condemned nations for collaborating with the United States in these secret programs.

Personal history

El-Masri was born in Kuwait to Lebanese parents. He grew up in Lebanon.

He immigrated to Germany in the 1980s during the Lebanese civil war, where he applied for political asylum, based on his membership in the Islamic Unification Movement. It fought against the Lebanese government during the war years.[13] He was granted asylum. In 1994 he obtained German citizenship through a previous marriage with a German woman, whom he later divorced. In 1996, El-Masri married a Lebanese woman in Ulm, Germany. They have had five children together.[1]

Abduction and CIA torture in Macedonia

At the end of 2003, El-Masri travelled from his home in Ulm to go on a short vacation in Skopje. He was detained by Macedonian border officials on December 31, 2003, because his name was identical (except for variations in Roman transliteration) to that of Khalid al-Masri, who was being sought as an alleged mentor to the al-Qaeda Hamburg cell, and because of suspicion that el-Masri's German passport was a forgery. He was held in a motel in Macedonia for over three weeks and questioned about his activities, his associates, and the mosque he attended in Ulm.

The Macedonian authorities contacted the local CIA station, who in turn contacted the agency's headquarters in Langley, Virginia. According to a December 4, 2005, article in the Washington Post, CIA agents discussed whether they should remove El-Masri from Macedonia in an extraordinary rendition. The decision to do so was made by the head of the al Qaeda division of the CIA's Counter-Terrorism Center, Alfreda Frances Bikowsky, on the basis of "a hunch" that El-Masri was involved in terrorism; his name was similar to suspected terrorist Khalid al-Masri.[2][14]

When the Macedonian officials released El-Masri on January 23, 2004, American security officers immediately took him into custody and detained him. El-Masri later described them as members of a "black snatch team". They beat him and sedated him for transport using a rectal suppository.[15] "The CIA stripped, hooded, shackled and sodomized el-Masri with a suppository – in CIA parlance, subjected him to "capture shock" – as Macedonian officials stood by."[12] He was dressed in a diaper and a jumpsuit, with total sensory deprivation, and flown to Baghdad, then immediately to the "Salt Pit", a black site, or covert CIA interrogation center, in Afghanistan. It also held CIA prisoners from Pakistan, Tanzania, Yemen and Saudi Arabia.[16]

'Salt Pit' in Afghanistan

After his release, in 2006 El-Masri wrote in the Los Angeles Times that, while held by the CIA in Afghanistan, he was beaten and repeatedly interrogated. He also said that his custodians forcibly inserted an object into his anus.[8][17] He was kept in a bare, squalid cell, given only meager rations to eat and putrid water to drink.

In February 2004, CIA officers in Kabul began to suspect El-Masri's passport was genuine. They sent it to CIA headquarters, where in March the CIA's Office of Technical Services concluded it was genuine. Discussion over what to do with El-Masri included secretly transporting him back to Macedonia and dumping him there without informing German authorities, and denying any claims he made.[2]

In March 2004, El-Masri took part in a hunger strike, demanding that his captors afford him due process or watch him die. After 27 days without eating, he forced a meeting with the prison director and a CIA officer known as "The Boss". They conceded he should not be imprisoned but refused to release him. El-Masri continued his hunger strike for 10 more days until he was force-fed and given medical attention. He had lost more than 60 pounds (27 kg) since his abduction in Skopje.

While imprisoned in Afghanistan, Masri befriended several other detainees. The men memorized each other's telephone numbers so that if one was released, he could contact the families of the others. According to the New York Times, Laid Saidi, an Algerian who was a former detainee, was released in 2006. His description of his abduction and detention closely matched that of El-Masri.[18]

El-Masri reports that Majid Khan, characterized by the Bush administration as a high-value detainee, was held in the Salt Pit at the same time as he was.[19] Khan, a former resident of Catonsville, Maryland, was held by the CIA for an additional three and a half years prior to being transferred to US military custody and Guantanamo on September 5, 2006.[19]

Release

In April 2004, CIA Director George Tenet was told by his staff that El-Masri was being wrongfully detained. National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice learned of the German citizen's detention in early May and ordered his release.[16] Shortly before El-Masri was released, in May 2004 the US ambassador to Germany informed the government for the first time of his detention.[2] The ambassador asked the interior minister Otto Schily not to disclose the events, as the US feared "exposure of a covert action program designed to capture terrorism suspects abroad and transfer them among countries, and possible legal challenges to the CIA from Mr Masri and others with similar allegations."[2] El-Masri was released on May 28, 2004 following a second order from Rice.[16]

The CIA flew El-Masri out of Afghanistan and released him at night on a desolate road in Albania, without an apology or funds to return home.[20] He later said that, at the time he believed his release was a ruse, and he would be executed. He was intercepted by Albanian guards, who believed him to be a terrorist due to his haggard and unkempt appearance. He was returned to Germany. It took time for him to be reunited with his wife; with no word of him for so long, she thought he had abandoned her and their family, and returned with their children to her family in Lebanon.[21]

In 2005, a German prosecutor started aiding el-Masri to validate his case. Using isotope analysis, scientists at the Bavarian archive for geology in Munich analyzed his hair; they verified that he was malnourished during his disappearance.[21]

Timeline of events

Other legal troubles

On May 17, 2007, El-Masri was arrested on suspicion of arson. According to Die Welt Online, the problem arose over a dispute over an iPod that El-Masri had bought at a METRO warehouse club store back in April in the Bavarian city of Neu-Ulm.[56] He claimed the iPod malfunctioned just hours after purchase. When he tried to return it, the store refused, and the situation escalated into a shouting match. El-Masri spat in the face of a female employee, and was barred from the store. On May 17, 2007, El-Masri kicked in a door of the Metro store and used gasoline to start a fire. The fire caused almost €90,000 in damages.[57] Nobody was hurt. El-Masri was arrested near the scene of the crime. After arrest, a judge ordered him held in a psychiatric hospital. On May 18, El-Masri's attorney, Manfred Gnjidic, conceded his client did set fire to the store, but blamed it on his client's torture experiences and claimed that the German government did not provide enough therapy to him after his return from Afghanistan.[58] He had actually requested extended therapy for his client shortly before the incident, as El-Masri stated he felt threatened, and believed himself to be pursued by cars and strangers. He stated the act of arson was executed on impulse and could not have led to a larger fire. While the courts recognized that El-Masri had never breached the law before his CIA abduction, and ruled that he had been traumatized, they also stated that this did not now justify acts of violence. He received a suspended sentence.[57]

Prosecutors in the arson case also revealed that El-Masri faced charges for allegedly attacking a truck driving instructor. They said El-Masri lost his temper after the instructor criticized him for failing to attend his lessons.[59]

On September 11, 2009, El-Masri was arrested after attacking Gerold Noerenberg, the mayor of Neu-Ulm. Shortly before the attack El-Masri tried to meet Noerenberg, but was prevented from entering the office and sent off by the police. He then took three of his six children with him, stormed the office and struck Noerenberg repeatedly in the face and threw a chair after him. He was arrested two hours after the attack in Senden. He confessed the attack, but kept silent about the motives at the time.[60] Writing from his cell, he complained about the increasing licensing of brothels by the city, one of which he said desecrated a Muslim prayer room.[61] He was sentenced to two years' imprisonment on 30 March 2010. His lawyer, Manfred Gnjidic, explained that El-Masri believed he was pursued by the secret services, trying to break or recruit him, and he intended to file an appeal.[62]

European Court of Human Rights

El-Masri filed a complaint against the Macedonian government asking for damages for his "suffering, anguish and mental breakdown," due to his mistaken arrest, torture and abuse after being transferred to CIA custody.[10]

On December 13, 2012, the Grand Chamber for the European Court of Human Rights issued a ruling, finding that El-Masri's account of his abduction, rendition and torture "was established beyond reasonable doubt" and that Macedonia "had been responsible for his torture and ill-treatment both in the country itself and after his transfer to the U.S. authorities in the context of an extra-judicial rendition."[63] It awarded El-Masri 60,000 Euros in compensation.[64] The Court termed El-Masri's abduction, detention and torture in Macedonia, and subsequent rendition to Afghanistan, a forced disappearance. The Court stated that El-Masri's allegations were supported by previous investigations into flight logs, as well as forensic evidence about his physical condition.

This was the first time that a court had found in favor of El-Masri since his release by the CIA.[11] In a statement before the Grand Chamber, the Open Society Institute, which had prosecuted the case, called upon the United States to apologize to El-Masri. James Goldston, Executive Director of the Open Society Justice Initiative, said:

for Mr. El-Masri, the most important thing that he was hoping for was to have the European court officially acknowledge what he did and say that what he's been claiming is in fact true and it was in fact a breach of the law. ... It's an extraordinary ruling."[65]

Goldston also said, the court's ruling was "a comprehensive condemnation of the worst aspects of the post-9/11 war-on-terror tactics that were employed by the CIA and governments who cooperated with them."[11]

See also

Similar cases:

References

  1. 1 2 "Extraordinary Rendition – Khaled El-Masri – Statement", American Civil Liberties Union, June 12, 2005
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Priest, Dana (December 4, 2005). "Wrongful Imprisonment: Anatomy of a CIA Mistake". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  3. ↑ - (para. 205) El Masri v. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
  4. ↑ "Protokoll Befragung Bundesinnenminister a.D. Otto Schily zur Entfuehrung von Khaled El Masri durch den CIA, 2006".
  5. ↑ ACLU. "ACLU petition 2006" (PDF).
  6. ↑ (para 151) El Masri v. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
  7. 1 2 CASE OF EL-MASRI v THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA, European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg, December 2012
  8. 1 2 Markon, Jerry (2006-05-19). "Lawsuit Against CIA is Dismissed". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
  9. ↑ "'El-Masri v. Tenet': Background - State Secrets Privilege", ACLU, November 2006, accessed 26 January 2013
  10. 1 2 Amy Davidson, "Torturing the wrong man", New Yorker, 13 December 2012
  11. 1 2 3 Nicholas Kulish, "Court Finds Rights Violation in C.I.A. Rendition Case", New York Times, 13 December 2012
  12. 1 2 Amrit Singh, "European court of human rights finds against CIA abuse of Khaled el-Masri", The Guardian, 13 December 2012
  13. 1 2 "El-Masri a member of El-Tawhid", msn.de, February 23, 2006
  14. ↑ Goldman, Adam; Apuzzo, Matt (9 February 2011). "CIA officers make grave mistakes, get promoted". NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  15. ↑ http://www.therenditionproject.org.uk/global-rendition/the-detainees/hassan-mustafa-osama-nasr-(abu-omar).html
  16. 1 2 3 "CIA accused of detaining innocent man: If the agency knew he was the wrong man, why was he held?", MSNBC, 21 April 2005
  17. ↑ El-Masri, Khaled (2011-05-11). "Declaration of Khaled El-Masri in support of plaintiff's opposition to the United States' motion to dismiss" (PDF). Khaled El-Masri v. George Tenet, et al. American Civil Liberties Union. p. 9. Retrieved 2012-12-13. I was told that I would soon be taken into a room for a medical examination before being returned to Germany.... I was left in my underwear. Even this they attempted to take off. ... finally they stripped me completely naked and threw me to the ground. I then felt a stick or some other hard object being forced in my anus.
  18. ↑ Craig S. Smith; Souad Mekhennet (2006-07-07). "Algerian Tells of Dark Odyssey in U.S. Hands". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2006-07-07. Retrieved 2006-10-14.
  19. 1 2 Carol D. Leonnig, Eric Rich (2006-11-04). "U.S. Seeks Silence on CIA Prisons: Court Is Asked to Bar Detainees From Talking About Interrogations". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-10-21. The battle over legal rights for terrorism suspects detained for years in CIA prisons centers on Majid Khan, a 26-year-old former Catonsville resident who was one of 14 high-value detainees transferred in September from the "black" sites to the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
  20. ↑ "Khaled El-Masri: Torturing the Wrong Man", New Yorker blog, December 2012
  21. 1 2 Georg Mascolo, Holger Stark: "The US Stands Accused of Kidnapping", Der Spiegel, 14 February 2005
  22. ↑ Natta Jr., Don Van; Souad Mekhennet (January 9, 2005). "German's Claim of Kidnapping Brings Investigation of U.S. Link". New York Times (Munich). Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  23. ↑ Smith, Craig S.; Souad Mekhennet (July 7, 2006). "Algerian Tells of Dark Term in U.S. Hands". New York Times. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  24. ↑ German man to file suit over US 'kidnapping', Reuters, November 9, 2005
  25. ↑ Glenn Kessler: Rice to Admit German's Abduction Was an Error. The Washington Post, December 6, 2005
  26. 1 2 German Man Claims U.S. Tortured Him, Forbes, December 6, 2005
  27. ↑ "Magazine: CIA received German file on German captive", Reuters, December 17, 2005
  28. ↑ Khalid El-Masri, Opinion: "America kidnapped me", Los Angeles Times, December 19, 2005
  29. ↑ "حركة التوحيد الإسلامي". Attawhed.org. Retrieved 2010-03-26.
  30. ↑ Serrill, Michael S. (1985-10-14). "Moscow Loses Its Immunity". Time. Retrieved 2010-03-26.
  31. ↑ "Islamism In Lebanon"
  32. ↑ Al-Qaeda-Iraq link being investigated in Germany, report says, Drudge Report, February 5, 2003,
  33. ↑ Terrorists with German Passports, Der Spiegel, October 27, 2005
  34. ↑ Judge dismisses Masri torture case, Reuters, May 18, 2006
  35. ↑ Greenhouse, Linda (2007-10-10). "Supreme Court Refuses to Hear Torture Appeal". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
  36. ↑ Souad Mekhennet, Craig S. Smith: "German Spy Agency Admits Mishandling Abduction Case", The New York Times, 2 June 2006
  37. 1 2 "ACLU To Appeal Dismissal of El-Masri Lawsuit", DemocracyNow, July 26, 2006
  38. ↑ CIA Abduction of El-Masri: Suspected CIA Kidnappers Identified, Sept. 2006. See also reports in Fincancial Times and on Deutsche Welle
  39. ↑ Craig Whitlock: "German Lawmakers Fault Abduction Probe", The Washington Post, October 4, 2006
  40. ↑ "Germany issues CIA arrest orders". BBC News. 2007-01-31. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  41. ↑ "Al-Masri case -- Chancellery aware of USG concerns". WikiLeaks. 2010-11-28. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  42. ↑ "Bush-Regierung sauer – Intervenierung wegen El Masri". n-tv. 2007-03-03. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
  43. ↑ "El-Masri v. USA" (PDF). The New York Times. 2007-03-03. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  44. ↑ "Verfassungsbeschwerde des Anwalts von El Masri gegen Telefonüberwachung erfolgreich". Bundesverfassungsgericht. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  45. ↑ "U.S. Supreme Court Docket". United States Supreme Court. 2007-06-06. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  46. ↑ "European Parliament resolution of July 12, 2007 on the 2006 Progress Report on the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2006/2289(INI))". European Parliament. 2007-07-12. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  47. ↑ "Bundesregierung verhindert Auslieferungsantrag für CIA-Agenten". Der Spiegel. 2007-09-22. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
  48. ↑ amicus curiae brief, The Constitution Project, September 5, 2007
  49. ↑ Greenhouse, Linda (2007-10-09). "Supreme Court Won't Hear Torture Appeal". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
  50. ↑ "US court rejects CIA kidnap case". BBC News. 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
  51. ↑ "German sues for CIA extradition". BBC News. 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
  52. ↑ , Harper's, May 2010
  53. ↑ European Court orders damages for CIA torture victim
  54. ↑ http://www.echr.coe.int/echr/en/header/the+court/the+court/the+grand+chamber/faq.htm
  55. 1 2 "European Human Rights Court rules on El Masri Rendition Case", Deutsche Welle
  56. ↑ "Khaled el-Masri in Psychiatrie eingeliefert". Die Welt (in German). 2007-05-17. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  57. 1 2 Suspended Sentence for Khaled El Masri (German Language), Südwest-Presse, 21.12.2007
  58. ↑ "Attorney for German in CIA kidnapping case concedes client set fire to store". International Herald Tribune. 2007-05-18. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  59. ↑ Tony Paterson (2007-05-19). "Rendition victim sent to mental institution after arson attack". The Independent (London). Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  60. ↑ "Khaled el-Masri überfällt Neu-Ulmer Oberbürgermeister" [Khaled el-Masri attacks mayor of Neu-Ulm]. Der Spiegel (in German). 2009-09-11. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  61. ↑ "Revenge for brothels a motive for El-Masri's attack?" (in German) Augsburger Allgemeine, 20 October 2009
  62. ↑ FAZ.net: "Prison sentence for El-Masri" (in German), Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 30 March 2010.
  63. ↑ Associated Press, "European court says CIA tortured German man: Suspect abducted, held in Afghan prison", CBC News, 13 December 2012
  64. ↑ "Rendition Victim El-Masri Awarded 60,000 Euros", Der Spiegel, 13 December 2012
  65. ↑ "Court: CIA Tortured German During Botched Rendition", ABC News, 13 December 2012

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