El Segundo Barrio

El Segundo Barrio also known as South El Paso is a historic Hispanic neighborhood in El Paso, Texas. The name, El Segundo Barrio, is Spanish for the Second Ward.[1] It is one of the oldest neighborhoods in El Paso.[2] The neighborhood is also called the "other Ellis Island" because so many people immigrate through the area.[3][4] It was one of the main "ports of entry" into the United States from Mexico for many years.[5] Segundo Barrio is also well-known for its murals and cultural character. In 2016, the area was placed on the Most Endangered Places in Texas list compiled by Preservation Texas.[6]

History

El Segundo Barrio has been the "starting point for thousands of families" coming from Mexico since the 1880s.[7] It is the second historic neighborhood of El Paso, the first being Barrio Chihuahuita.[8] The railroad arrived in El Paso in 1881, and afterwards, the population of El Paso grew quickly.[8]

The first resident of Segundo Barrio was a campesino, or farm worker, named Santiago Alvarado, who received a Mexican land grant to farm the area in 1834.[2]

During the Mexican Revolution, many people fled the country, immigrating into El Segundo Barrio.[2] Wealthier migrants continued north, while the poor remained in the barrio.[2] Revolutionaries, spies and journalists lived in Segundo Barrio during the revolution. Francisco Madero lived in different houses in the neighborhood while he was working on a plan to defeat Porfirio Diaz.[9] Pancho Villa also visited El Segundo Barrio, eating ice cream at the local Elite Confectionary.[9]

In the 1930s, the barrio was overcrowded, with residents living in presidios or tenements.[2] Progress on upgrading housing had still not been improved by the 1950s. In the 1950s, it was recorded that there were still "more than 12,000 substandard dwelling units in the area, an average of seven families per toilet, with an average of ten persons per family."[10]

In the 1960s, the city finally made improvements to Segundo Barrio, paving and lighting streets.[10] The Rio Grande, which did not flow in a regular channel was eventually routed through a cement channel in the 1960s.[11] Land containing tenements on the El Paso side was given up to create the channel.[11]

July 1967 saw a tragic fire that destroyed a tenement building which had no fire escapes.[12] Three children died in the fire.[12] People were mobilized by the tragedy of the fire and began to protest, first starting at the El Sagrado Corazon Catholic Church and then moving on to City Hall.[12] The protests had the effect of scaring local officials and spurred a conference held at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), to "study the social, economic, and political conditions of south El Paso."[12] A local activist, José Aguilar, created a program called the Mexican-American Committee on Honor, Opportunity, and Service (MACHOS), which required that members live in Segundo Barrio and which advocated on behalf of residents for improved living conditions.[12]

Photo by Danny Lyon for the National Archives, 1972.

In the 1980s, Segundo Barrio was considered a "rough neighborhood."[13]

Flooding in 2006 affected Segundo Barrio. The area was evacuated temporarily in August of 2006.[14] A historic building which dated from 1910, the Casitas del Norte Apartments were damaged by the flooding and subsequently renovated by the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).[15]

In 2010, the City of El Paso devised a Neighborhood Revitalization Strategy.[16] The strategy was known locally as "El Plan," and was written up initially by the Paso del Norte Group.[9] The plan was intended to help "address El Segundo's substandard housing as well as its high levels of unemployment," however, the plan also advised demolishing many historic and important cultural buildings.[1] The City would use eminent domain to take property in Segundo Barrio.[9] Approximately 168 acres were slated to be destroyed and about 157 acres would be designated as historic areas.[9] The public was furious, creating a group called Land Grab Opponents of El Paso.[17] The outcry against destroying buildings in Segundo Barrio caused the city to change its plans.[17]

Cityscape

Segundo Barrio is bounded by Paisano Drive, Cesar Chavez Border Highway, Cotton Street and South Mesa Street.[6]

Due to historic flooding from the Rio Grande, the curbs of the oldest streets in El Segundo Barrio are still "raised a foot or more."[2]

Businesses in Segundo Barrio make "roughly half a billion dollars in business a year."[9]

Demographics

Cardboard for recycling is piled on a bicycle in front of an alley in Segundo Barrio, 2016.

Historically and currently, most residents of Segundo Barrio are farm workers.[1] Segundo Barrio was one of the poorest zip codes in the country for "many years."[7] Today, there is still a low median income in Segundo Barrio.[18]

Government and infrastructure

Segundo Barrio is part of District 8 in the City of El Paso.[19] Currently, the district is represented by Courtney Niland.[20]

Education

The first school in the area was the Sacred Heart School, which opened in 1892.[21] The school was founded by Father Carlos M. Pinto, who was also known as "The Apostle of El Paso."[21] The public schools, Alamo School and Bowie High School opened in 1923.[8]

The public is served by the Armijo Library, part of the El Paso Public Library system.[22]

Health care

In 1921, the Methodist Church in El Paso built the Freeman Clinic.[8] The clinic had ties to the Rose Gregory Houchen Settlement House.[23] Freemen Clinic was geared towards well-baby exams, and prenatal care.[23] The emphasis on infant health was due to the "alarmingly high" rate of infant mortality during the time.[24] Later, the Freeman Clinic was demolished in 1937 in order to open a twenty-two bed hospital, the Newark Methodist Maternity Hospital.[24]

Centro De Salud Familiar La Fe provides healthcare through clinics in the area.[25]

Parks and recreation

For many years, the only playground in Segundo Barrio was part of the Rose Gregory Houchen Settlemen House program.[24]

Culture

Art

Segundo Barrio, (1975) by Los Muralistas Del Barrio, Arturo Avalos, Gabriel Ortega, Pablo Schaffino and Pascual Ramirez

El Segundo Barrio has many Chicana/o murals within the neighborhood.[26] Most of the murals were created through "informal arrangements" and the murals were called an "outdoor museum of the border proletariat" by The New York Times.[27]

Museums

In 2006, a "museum without walls," called Museo Urbano, brought events and workshops to El Segundo Barrio.[28] Museo Urbano evolved into a public history project in conjunction with the Department of History at UTEP.[29] Museo Urbano won the 2013 Outstanding Public History Project Award from the National Council on Public History.[30]

Games and sports

The Segundo Barrio Futbol Club has almost 100 kids involved in playing soccer.[31] A basketball camp, Barrio Basketball, has been taking place in Segundo Barrio for several years.[4][32] The Henderson Middle School chess team took first place in the novice division for the National Junior High Championship in 2015.[33]

Religion

El Sagrado Corazon Catholic Church (Sacred Heart Church) was dedicated in 1893, and it continues to be an important church in the area.[8] It is considered the "mother church" of the El Paso Diocese.[34] The church operates adult education programs, a job seeking office, a food pantry and a restaurant and tortilla factory known as Sagrado Corazón Tortilleria & Grill.[21] The church also provides financial support to families who are having trouble paying rent or utilities.[34] Saint Ignacius is another Catholic church in the area.[11]

Community centers

The Rose Gregory Houchen Settlement was founded in 1912 in the center of Segundo Barrio.[35] For many years, it was the "only consistent source of social services in Segundo Barrio."[23] The Settlement was staffed mainly by members of the Methodist Church and provided rooms for Mexican women and a kindergarten.[36] By 1918 Houchen was also providing citizenship classes and other classes such as cooking, carpentry, Bible study and English classes.[23] The Settlement eventually evolved into more of a community center, with ties to the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC).[36] In the 1950s, there were two LULAC chapters located at Houchen, one for teens and another for adults.[35] The Houchen settlement remained until 1962.[24] The center continues to evolve, with plans to open an organic market.[37]

Centro De Salud Familiar La Fe also provides a community center with art, adult education classes and a technology center.[38]

Notable residents

In popular culture

Several books have been written about living in El Segundo Barrio. Champion of the Barrio: The Legacy of Coach Buryl Baty (2015). It is a biography of Baty who coached football at Bowie high school.[47] In 1996, Gloria López-Stafford wrote a memoir of her life in Segundo Barrio. It was called A Place in El Paso: A Mexican-American Childhood.

A documentary film created for PBS, "One Square Mile: El Paso - Segundo Barrio" was created in 2014.[48]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Kruhly, Madeleine (27 July 2012). "The First Mexican Border Town May Be Losing Its Character". The Atlantic. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bonyanpour, Natassia (15 November 2013). "More Than a Century Old, Many Still Call El Segundo Barrio Home". Newspaper Tree. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  3. 1 2 Romo, David Dorado (February 2013). "The Other Ellis Island". Texas Monthly 41 (2): 92. Retrieved 23 February 2016 – via EBSCO. (subscription required (help)).
  4. 1 2 "A Sports Camp in El Paso That Isn’t Really About Sports". Marfa Public Radio. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  5. ↑ Torres, Jaime F. (2010). Pachuco: Out of Segundo Barrio. Xlibris. p. 17. ISBN 9781453505182.
  6. 1 2 "Segundo Barrio on Most Endangered Places List". El Paso Inc. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 Cornejo, Azenett (27 May 2011). "Segundo Barrio: A 'Living History' Lesson". Borderzine. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Introduction". Paso Del Sur Group. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Welsome, Eileen (4 May 2007). "Eminent Disaster". The Texas Observer. Retrieved 23 February 2016 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  10. 1 2 Timmons, W.H. (1990). El Paso: A Borderlands History. El Paso, Texas: Texas Western Press. pp. 250–251. ISBN 0874042070.
  11. 1 2 3 Lopez-Stafford, Gloria (1996). A Place in El Paso: A Mexican-American Childhood. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826317094.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Clayson, William S. (2010). Freedom is Not Enough: The War on Poverty and the Civil Rights Movement in Texas. University of Texas Press. pp. 77–78. ISBN 9780292782594.
  13. ↑ Hansen, Liane (18 June 2000). "Profile: Summer Camp in El Paso, Texas". Weekend Edition Sunday (NPR). Retrieved 23 February 2016 – via EBSCO. (subscription required (help)).
  14. ↑ "City Institutes Mandatory Evacuation For Precautionary Measures". US Fed News Service. 3 August 2006. Retrieved 23 February 2016 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  15. ↑ "Federal Funding Used to Rebuild Apartments for Low Income Families in Segundo Barrio Damaged by 2006 Floods". States News Service. 29 April 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2016 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  16. ↑ "El Segundo Barrio - Neighborhood Revitalization Strategy". City of El Paso. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  17. 1 2 Semuels, Alana (28 January 2016). "El Paso Is Learning That Not Everyone Hates Sprawl". The Atlantic. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  18. ↑ "Segundo Barrio neighborhood in El Paso, Texas (TX), 79901 detailed profile". City Data. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  19. ↑ "City of El Paso Representative Districts". City of El Paso. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  20. ↑ "District 8". City of El Paso. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  21. 1 2 3 "Sacred Heart Parish". Jesuits. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  22. ↑ "Armijo Library". El Paso Public Library. City of El Paso. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Lopez, Antoinette Sedillo (1999). Latina Issues: Fragments of Historia(ella) (Herstory). Routledge. pp. 35–37. ISBN 9780815334064.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Ruiz, Vicki L. (2008). From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America (Tenth Anniversary ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 33–38. ISBN 9780199705450.
  25. ↑ "Welcome To La Fe". La Fe. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  26. ↑ El Segundo Barrio Murals (PDF) (brochure). Visit El Paso.
  27. 1 2 Draper, Robert (14 November 2014). "Texas, 3 Ways". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  28. ↑ "University of Texas at El Paso - Borderlands Public History Lab". International Coalition of Sites of Concience. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  29. ↑ Leyva, Yolanda Chávez (20 March 2013). "NCPH 2013 Project Award: The Power of Place Within Us". Public History Commons. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  30. ↑ Garibay, Lisa Y. (23 January 2015). "Museo Urbano Contributes to Global Immigration, History Discussion". UTEP News. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  31. ↑ Lopez, Luis Carlos (20 February 2016). "City Leaders Win Segundo Barrio Soccer Match". El Paso Times. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  32. ↑ Weeks, Linton (24 August 2012). "Barrio Basketball in El Paso, Texas". NPR. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  33. ↑ "Henderson Chess Team is Tops in Nation". El Paso Times. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  34. 1 2 Bonyanpour, Natassia (1 November 2013). "El Segundo Barrio's Sacred Heart Continues Tradition, Despite Challenging Financial Times". Newspaper Tree. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  35. 1 2 Ruiz, Vicki L. (2007). "Houchen Settlement, El Paso". In Ruiz, Vicki L.; Sanchez Korrol, Virginia. Latinas in the United States. pp. 329–331. ISBN 9780253111692.
  36. 1 2 Acosta, Teresa Palomo; Garcia, Maria-Christina; Orozco, Cynthia E. (15 June 2010). "Settlement Houses". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  37. ↑ Hill, Ryan (22 October 2015). "Houchen Plans to Replace Closed Day Care With New Organic Market". KFOX TV. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  38. ↑ Ortiz, Briana (16 July 2015). "Community Hub La Fe Promotes Well Being of Segundo Barrio Residents". Borderzine. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  39. ↑ Mel Casas: Humanscapes. Houston, Texas: Contemporary Arts Museum. 1976. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  40. ↑ Guillen, Amanda (19 January 2016). "From the Barrio to the Nation's Capital". The Prospector. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  41. ↑ "Segundo Barrio Person of the Year". El Paso Times. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  42. ↑ Young, Michael E. (7 July 2008). "Dream of Becoming a Doctor Undeterred for Catalina Garcia". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 23 February 2016 – via EBSCO. (subscription required (help)).
  43. ↑ "Shapleigh to Honor Moreno". El Paso Times. 12 January 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  44. ↑ "Kent State's 11th Annual Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration Takes Place on Jan. 24". US Fed News Service. 13 January 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2016 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  45. ↑ Berbeo, Dominic (6 February 2000). "Memorial Sought for Valley Icon Proposal Made to Name Building After Activist Guadalupe Ramirez". Daily News. Retrieved 23 February 2016 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  46. ↑ Dailey, Maceo (13 June 2013). "Washington, Leona Ford". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  47. ↑ Sherrington, Kevin (23 May 2015). "First-time author tells story of father and former Aggie he barely got to know". Sports Day. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  48. ↑ Cohen, Cindy Graff (15 January 2014). "PBS Captures Spirit of Segundo Barrio With New Documentary". What's Up. Retrieved 24 February 2016.

External links

Coordinates: 31°45′14″N 106°28′41″W / 31.754°N 106.478°W / 31.754; -106.478

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