Elaeocarpus ganitrus

Elaeocarpus ganitrus
Collection of five-faced seeds
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Oxalidales
Family: Elaeocarpaceae
Genus: Elaeocarpus
Species: E. ganitrus
Binomial name
Elaeocarpus ganitrus
Roxb. ex G.Don

Elaeocarpus ganitrus, is a large evergreen broad-leaved tree whose seed is traditionally used for prayer beads in Hinduism and Buddhism. The seeds are known as rudraksha, or rudraksh, Sanskrit: rudrākṣa ("Rudra's Tear Drops"). Rudraksha may be produced by several species of Elaeocarpus; however, E. ganitrus is the principal species used in the making of organic jewellery or mala.

Etymology

Rudraksha is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the name Rudra ("Shiva") and akṣha ("Tear Drops").[1][2] The specific epithet ganitrus is derived from ganitri, the name for this species in Sundanese and Malay.

Description

Elaeocarpus ganitrus grows in the area from the Gangetic plain in the foothills of the Himalayas to South-East Asia, Nepal, Indonesia, New Guinea to Australia, Guam, and Hawaii.[3] Rudraksha seeds are covered by an outer husk of blue colour when fully ripe, and for this reason are also known as blueberry beads. The blue colour is not derived from pigment but is structural.[4] It is an evergreen tree that grows quickly. The rudraksha tree starts bearing fruit in three to four years. As the tree matures, the roots buttress rising up narrowly near the trunk and radiating out along the surface of the ground.

Chemical constituents

Chemical constituents present in E. ganitrus are elaeocarpidine, isoelaeocarpine, epiisoelaeocarpiline, rudrakine, flavonoids, quercetin, phytosterols, fat, alkaloids, carbohydrates, ethanol, proteins, tannins, gallic acid and ellagic acid.[5]

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ The translation of rudrākṣa as "Rudra's eyes" and definition as berries of Elaeocarpus ganitrus see: Stutley, p. 119.
  2. ↑ Stutley, M. (1985). The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography. New Delhi, India: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 81-215-1087-2.
  3. ↑ Koul, M. K. (2001-05-13). "Bond with the beads". Spectrum. India: The Tribune.
  4. ↑ Lee, D. W. (1991). "Ultrastructural Basis and Function of Iridescent Blue Color of Fruits in Elaeocarpus". Nature 349 (6306): 260−262. doi:10.1038/349260a0.
  5. ↑ http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Navin_Kumar23/publication/236107802_A_comprehensive_report_on_therapeutic_potential_of_Elaeocarpus_ganitrus_Roxb._(Rudraksha)/links/0deec515fae789097b000000.pdf
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