Elisha Baxter

Elisha Baxter
10th Governor of Arkansas
In office January 6, 1873 – November 12, 1874
Lieutenant	Volney V. Smith
Preceded by	Ozra Amander Hadley as Acting Governor
Succeeded by	Augustus Hill Garland
Personal details
Born	September 1, 1827 Rutherford County, North Carolina
Died	May 31, 1899 (aged 71) Batesville, Arkansas
Political party	Republican

Elisha Baxter (September 1, 1827 – May 31, 1899) was the tenth Governor of the State of Arkansas.

Biography

Baxter was born in Forest City Rutherford County, North Carolina. He sought and obtained an appointment as a cadet to the United States Military Academy at West Point. Baxter's father, William Baxter, strongly opposed his appointment, and Baxter resigned his appointment.^[1]

Baxter ran a successful mercantile business in Rutherford County with his brother-in-law Spenser Eaves.

Career

In 1852, Baxter moved to Batesville, Arkansas and opened a mercantile business with his brother, Taylor A. Baxter, that soon failed. Baxter joined the Whig party and was elected as mayor of Batesville in 1853. One year later he was elected as state representative from Independence County to the tenth general assembly.^[2] He studied law and, in 1856, was admitted to the Arkansas bar. He was reelected to the House in 1858 and served two terms for Independence County leaving in 1860.

At the start of the American Civil War, Baxter refused to fight for the Confederacy and attempted to flee to Missouri. He was captured and tried for treason. He escaped north and joined the 4th Arkansas Mounted Infantry (USA) and served as colonel of that regiment.

He was appointed as Chief Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court in the Reconstruction government in 1864. The state legislature elected him and Andrew Hunter to the US Senate in 1868, but he was not seated due to disenfranchisement of the southern states. From 1868 to 1872, he served as a judge on the 3rd Circuit Court.

In 1872, Baxter was elected Governor of Arkansas over Joseph Brooks in a controversial election that led to the Brooks-Baxter War.^[3] Baxter was physically removed from the governor's office by Brooks and state militia loyal to him. Baxter was not restored to the governorship until a month later.

During his term a new constitution was formed which shortened his term and returned voting rights to ex-Confederates. Baxter declined to accept the 1874 nomination for governor and was the last Republican governor to be elected in Arkansas until Winthrop Rockefeller in 1967.

After leaving office Baxter returned to his farm near Batesville, Arkansas. He ran for a position in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1878 but was unsuccessful.

Family life

In 1849 Baxter married Harriet Patton, also from Rutherford County, and together they had six children: Milliard P., Edward A., Catherine M., George E., Hattie O., and Fannie E. Baxter was a brother of federal judge John Baxter, and an uncle of Wyoming territorial governor George W. Baxter.^[4]

Death and legacy

Baxter died in Batesville, Arkansas and is buried at Oaklawn Cemetery in Batesville, Arkansas.

Baxter County, Arkansas was named after Elisha Baxter.^[5]

References

1. "Elisha Baxter: I Was Born". Old State House Museum. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
2. Michael B. Dougan, "Tenth Governor: Elisha Baxter" in The Governors of Arkansas," (University of Arkansas Press, 1981), 55.
3. "National Governors Association". Arkansas Governor Elisha Baxter. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
4. Charles A. Newell, Jr., "John Baxter," NCPedia, 1979. Retrieved: 1 May 2013.
5. "Profile for Baxter County, Arkansas, AR". ePodunk. Retrieved August 14, 2012.

External links

• Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry: Elisha Baxter
• National Governors Association
• Old State House Museum
• "Elisha Baxter". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2014-11-14.