Elisha Mitchell

Elisha Mitchell
Portrait of Rev. Elisha Mitchell, 1858
Born	August 19, 1793 Washington, Connecticut, USA
Died	June 27, 1857 (aged 63) Yancey County, North Carolina, USA
Residence	Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Nationality	American
Fields	Chemist and Geologist
Institutions	University of North Carolina
Alma mater	Yale University
Known for	Proving Mt. Mitchell was highest mountain east of the Rockies Acting President of the University of North Carolina
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Elisha Mitchell (August 19, 1793 – June 27, 1857) was an American educator, geologist and Presbyterian minister. His geological studies led to the identification of North Carolina's Mount Mitchell as the highest peak east of the Mississippi River.

Early life

Elisha Mitchell was born August 19, 1793, in Washington, Connecticut. He was graduated from Yale University in 1813, where he studied under chemist Benjamin Silliman, whose courses would shape his own teaching career.^[1]

Mitchell at the University of North Carolina

Mitchell began his career as a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1818, teaching math and natural philosophy. In 1825, he began teaching geology - the field with which he would be primarily associated for the rest of his life.^[2] In addition to teaching, Mitchell also served as the university's bursar, accountant, and acting president at various times; he also led chapel services, as he had been ordained by the Presbytery of Orange in Hillsborough, NC, in 1821.^[2]

Discovery of "Mount Mitchell"

Mitchell completed a geographical survey of North Carolina in 1828 and observed a peak in the Black Mountains he believed to be higher than Grandfather Mountain, thought to be the highest in the region at that time.^[3] In 1835, he first measured the height of this mountain, and through subsequent measurements in 1838 and 1844, proved it was higher than New Hampshire's Mount Washington.^[2]

Watch belonging to Elisha Mitchell, which broke during his fatal fall and shows his exact time of death. North Carolina Collection, Wilson Special Collections Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2012

Findings challenged

Elisha Mitchell fell to his death at nearby Mitchell Falls in 1857, having returned to verify his earlier measurements, which had been challenged by state senator Thomas Clingman, a former student of Mitchell's.^[3] He was originally buried in Asheville, but was reinterred in a tomb on the mountain in 1858.^[2] In 1881-82 the U.S. Geological Survey upheld Mitchell's measurements and officially named his peak Mt. Mitchell. At 6,684 feet (2,037 m) high, Mt. Mitchell is the highest point east of the Mississippi River.

Tomb of Elisha Mitchell on the peak of Mount Mitchell

The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, published by the North Carolina Academy of Science, was founded in his honor in 1883.

References

1. "Elisha Mitchell (1793-1857)". The Carolina Story - Antebellum College Life. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
2. Watson, Elgiva D. "Elisha Mitchell." Originally published in the "Dictionary of North Carolina Biography," edited by William S. Powell. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. Available at:http://docsouth.unc.edu/browse/bios/pn0001194_bio.html
3. Mewborn, Suzanne. "Elisha Mitchell and his mountain." Originally published in "Tar Heel Junior Historian," volume 46, no.1 (Fall 2006). Published by the North Carolina Museum of History. Available at: http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-newnation/4391

External links

• Inventory of the Elisha Mitchell Papers, 1816-1905
• "On the Character and Origin of the Low Country of North Carolina," by Elisha Mitchell. From volume 13 of The American Journal of Science and Arts, January 1828.