Elliott Cresson Medal

Elliott Cresson Medal
Elliott Cresson Medal given to Emile Berliner in 1913
Country	USA
Presented by	Franklin Institute
First awarded	1875
Last awarded	1997

The Elliott Cresson Medal, also known as the Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, was the highest award given by the Franklin Institute. The award was established by Elliott Cresson, life member of the Franklin Institute, with $1,000 granted in 1848.^[1] The endowed award was to be "for some discovery in the Arts and Sciences, or for the invention or improvement of some useful machine, or for some new process or combination of materials in manufactures, or for ingenuity skill or perfection in workmanship."^[1] The medal was first awarded in 1875, 21 years after Cresson's death.^[1]

The Franklin Institute continued awarding the medal on an occasional basis until 1998 when they reorganized their endowed awards under one umbrella, The Benjamin Franklin Awards.^[2] A total of 268 Elliott Cresson Medals were given out during the award's lifetime.^[3]

Year	Awardee	Category	Citation
1875	Bonwill, William Gibson A.William Gibson A. Bonwill	Life Science	Electro Magnetic Dental Mallet
1875	Fiss, Banes, Erben & Co., Fiss, Banes, Erben & Co.	Engineering	Worsted Yarns
1875	Powers & Weightman, Powers & Weightman	Engineering	Drug Manufacturing
1875	Tatham, William P.William P. Tatham	Invention	Printing press
1875	Tilghman, Benjamin ChewBenjamin Chew Tilghman	Engineering	Sand Blast
1875	Zentmayer, JosephJoseph Zentmayer	Engineering	Microscopes and Objectives
1877	Charlton, JohnJohn Charlton	Engineering	Shaft Coupling
1877	Dudley, P. H.P. H. Dudley	Engineering	Dynomagraph
1878	Bower, HenryHenry Bower	Chemistry	Inodorous Glycerin
1878	Chambers, Jr., CyrusCyrus Chambers, Jr.	Engineering	Bolt and rivet clipper
1878	Goodwin, Williams FarrWilliams Farr Goodwin	Engineering	Competitive test of mowing machines
1879	Delandtsheer, NorbertNorbert Delandtsheer	Invention	Machine for Testing Flax
1880	Spellier, Louis H.Louis H. Spellier	Invention	Time Telegraph
1881	Griscom, W. WoodnutW. Woodnut Griscom	Engineering	Electric Induction Motor and Battery
1885	Chabot, CyprienCyprien Chabot	Engineering	Shoe Sewing Machine
1885	Siemens, FrederickFrederick Siemens	Engineering	Regenerative Gas Burner
1886	Delany, Patrick BernardPatrick Bernard Delany	Engineering	Synchronous Telegraphy
1886	Lowe, Thaddeus S. C.Thaddeus S. C. Lowe	Engineering	Water Gas Process and Apparatus
1886	Ott & Brewer, Ott & Brewer	Engineering	China and Porcelain Wares
1886	Pratt & Whitney Co., Pratt & Whitney Co.	Engineering	System of Interchangeable Cut Gears
1886	Ramsay, Robert H.Robert H. Ramsay	Engineering	Railway Car Transfer Apparatus
1886	Walkup, LibertyLiberty Walkup	Invention	Airbrush
1887	Albert, Charles F.Charles F. Albert	Engineering	Violins and Bows
1887	Bilgram, HugoHugo Bilgram	Engineering	Bevel Gear Cutter
1887	Cowles, Alfred H.Alfred H. Cowles	Engineering	Electric Smelting Furnace
1887	Cowles, Eugene H.Eugene H. Cowles	Engineering	Electric Smelting Furnace
1887	Shaw, ThomasThomas Shaw	Engineering	Testing for Mine Gases and system of Mine Signaling
1889	Cowper, Edward AlfredEdward Alfred Cowper	Invention	Writing Telegraph
1889	Mergenthaler, OttmarOttmar Mergenthaler	Engineering	Linotype machine
1889	Robertson, T. HartT. Hart Robertson	Invention	Writing Telegraph
1889	Simonds, George FrederickGeorge Frederick Simonds	Engineering	Universal Rolling Machine
1890	Hammond, James B.James B. Hammond	Engineering	Typewriter Improvements
1890	Hollerith, HermanHerman Hollerith	Computer and Cognitive Science	Electric Tabulating Device
1890	Mayer Hayes & Co., Mayer Hayes & Co.	Engineering	Manufacture of files
1891	Bates, StocktonStockton Bates	Engineering	Spindle Support
1891	Bevington, James H.James H. Bevington	Engineering	Welding Metal and Spinning and Shaping Tube
1891	Fiske, Bradley AllenBradley Allen Fiske	Engineering	Rangefinder
1891	Olsen, TiniusTinius Olsen	Engineering	Testing Machine
1891	Shaw, Edwin F.Edwin F. Shaw	Engineering	Spindle Support
1891	Vauclain, Samuel M.Samuel M. Vauclain	Engineering	Compound Locomotive
1891	Von Culin, George M.George M. Von Culin	Engineering	Spindle Support
1892	Holmes, Philip H.Philip H. Holmes	Engineering	Composition for Journal Bearings
1892	Howe, Henry M.Henry M. Howe	Engineering	Metallurgy of Steel
1893	Batchellor, Clifford H.Clifford H. Batchellor	Engineering	Compound Locomotive
1893	Ives, Frederic EugeneFrederic Eugene Ives	Engineering	Color photography
1893	Marks, George E.George E. Marks	Life Science	Improvements in Artificial Limbs
1893	von Jankó, PaulPaul von Jankó	Engineering	Jankó piano keyboard
1894	Tesla, NikolaNikola Tesla	Engineering	Alternating Electric Currents of High Frequency
1895	Howe, Henry M.Henry M. Howe	Engineering	Experimental Researches on Steel
1895	Peckover, JamesJames Peckover	Invention	Stone Sawing Machine
1895	Pelton, Lester AllanLester Allan Pelton	Engineering	Water Wheel
1896	Delany, Patrick BernardPatrick Bernard Delany	Engineering	Telegraphy, High speed system
1896	Lanston, TolbertTolbert Lanston	Invention	Monotype Machine
1897	Castner, Hamilton Y.Hamilton Y. Castner	Engineering	Process of electrolytic decomposing of alkaline chlorides
1897	Gray, ElishaElisha Gray	Engineering	Telautograph
1897	Jenkins, Charles FrancisCharles Francis Jenkins	Invention	Phantoscope projector
1897	Röntgen, Wilhelm ConradWilhelm Conrad Röntgen	Physics	Discovery of X-rays
1897	Wilckes, JosephJoseph Wilckes	Invention	Econometer [4]
1898	Atwater, Wilbur OlinWilbur Olin Atwater	Engineering	Respiration Calorimeter
1898	Corscaden, ThomasThomas Corscaden	Engineering	All-Wrought Steel Belt Pulley
1898	Hirschel, ClemensClemens Hirschel	Invention	Venturi Meter
1898	Moissan, HenriHenri Moissan	Engineering	Investigations with his electric furnace
1898	Rosa, Edward BennettEdward Bennett Rosa	Engineering	Respiration Calorimeter
1900	American Cotton Company, American Cotton Company	Engineering	Round Lap Bale System
1900	Levy, Louis EdwardLouis Edward Levy	Engineering	Method and apparatus for acid blast etching of metal plates
1900	Pencoyd Iron Works, Pencoyd Iron Works	Engineering	Bridge construction
1900	United States Geological Survey, United States Geological Survey	Earth Science	Exhibit of the USGS
1900	von Welsbach, Carl AuerCarl Auer von Welsbach	Chemistry	Discoveries regarding metallic oxides
1901	Diesel, RudolphRudolph Diesel	Engineering	Diesel engine
1901	Forbes, John S.John S. Forbes	Chemistry	Process of automatically heating and sterilizing fluids
1901	Haupt, Lewis M.Lewis M. Haupt	Engineering	Reaction Breakwater
1901	Mason & Hamlin Company, Mason & Hamlin Company	Engineering	Liszt Pipe Organ
1901	Waterhouse, A. G.A. G. Waterhouse	Engineering	Process of automatically heating and sterilizing fluids
1902	Acker, Charles ErnestCharles Ernest Acker	Engineering	Manufacturing Caustic Alkali and Halogen Gas
1902	Taylor, Fred W.Fred W. Taylor	Engineering	Process of Treating Tool Steel
1902	White, MaunselMaunsel White	Engineering	Process of Treating Tool Steel
1903	Clam, G. H.G. H. Clam	Engineering	Method of eliminating metals from mixtures of metals
1903	Ferrell, Joseph L.Joseph L. Ferrell	Engineering	Process of fireproofing wood
1903	Gill, Wilson LindsleyWilson Lindsley Gill	Engineering; Computer and Cognitive Science	School City Educational Plan
1903	Goldschmidt, VictorVictor Goldschmidt	Engineering	Theory of Musical Harmony
1903	Sprague, Frank J.Frank J. Sprague	Engineering	System of Electric Traction
1904	Dodge, James MapesJames Mapes Dodge	Engineering	System of Storing Coal
1904	Gill, Wilson LindsleyWilson Lindsley Gill	Engineering; Computer and Cognitive Science	School City
1904	Goldschmidt, HansHans Goldschmidt	Physics	Alumino-Thermics
1904	Levy, Louis E.Louis E. Levy	Engineering	Machine for preparation of plates for etching
1904	Lovekin, L. D.L. D. Lovekin	Engineering	Expanding and Flanging Machinery for Tubes
1904	Outerbridge, Jr., Alexander E.Alexander E. Outerbridge, Jr.	Engineering	Molecular Structure of Cast Iron
1904	Parker, John ClintonJohn Clinton Parker	Engineering	Steam Generator
1905	Gray National Telautograph Company, Gray National Telautograph Company	Engineering	Telautograph
1905	Pupin, Michael IdvorskyMichael Idvorsky Pupin	Physics	Reducing Attenuation of Electrical Waves
1906	American Paper Bottle Company, American Paper Bottle Company	Engineering	Paper Milk Bottles
1906	Hammer, William JosephWilliam Joseph Hammer	(unspecified)	Historic Collection of Incandescent Electric Lamps
1907	Baldwin Locomotive Works, Baldwin Locomotive Works	Engineering	Contributions to Evolution of American Locomotive
1907	Borsch, John L.John L. Borsch	Physics	A new Bi-Focal Lens
1907	Heany, J. AllenJ. Allen Heany	Engineering	Fireproof Insulated Wire
1907	Philips, FerdinandFerdinand Philips	Engineering	Pressed Steel Pulley for Power Transmission
1907	Taylor, Edward R.Edward R. Taylor	Chemistry	Electric Furnace Manufacture of Carbon bisulfide
1908	Hough, Romeyn BeckRomeyn Beck Hough	Engineering	Uses of American Woods
1908	Mallet, AnatoleAnatole Mallet	Engineering	Improved Articulated Compound Locomotive
1909	Curie, MarieMarie Curie	Chemistry	The discovery of radium
1909	Curie, PierrePierre Curie	Chemistry	The discovery of radium
1909	Gaede, WolfgangWolfgang Gaede	Engineering	Molecular Air Pump
1909	Gayley, JamesJames Gayley	Engineering	Dry air blast in blast furnace operation
1909	Lumière, Auguste and LouisAuguste and Louis Lumière	Engineering	Color photography
1909	Squier, George OwenGeorge Owen Squier	Engineering	Multiplex Telephony
1909	Talbot, BenjaminBenjamin Talbot	Engineering	Open Hearth Steel Process
1909	Turner, Walter VictorWalter Victor Turner	Engineering	Air Brake Design and Application
1909	Underwood Typewriter Co., Underwood Typewriter Co.	Engineering	Underwood Typewriter
1909	Vernasz, AlexisAlexis Vernasz	Engineering	Milling files
1909	Wood, H. A. WiseH. A. Wise Wood	Engineering	The Autoplate Machine
1910	Automatic Electric Company, Automatic Electric Company	Engineering	Automatic System of Telephony
1910	Brashear, John A.John A. Brashear	Physics	Distinguished work in astronomical instruments
1910	Hewitt, Peter CooperPeter Cooper Hewitt	Invention	Mercury rectifier
1910	Fritz, JohnJohn Fritz	Engineering	Distinguished work in iron and steel industries
1910	Hadfield, Robert AbbottRobert Abbott Hadfield	Engineering	Distinguished work in metallurgical sciences
1910	Rutherford, ErnestErnest Rutherford	Engineering	Distinguished work in electrical theory
1910	Thomson, Joseph JohnJoseph John Thomson	Physics	For distinguished work in physical sciences
1910	Weston, EdwardEdward Weston	Engineering	Distinguished work in electrical discovery
1910	Wiley, Harvey W.Harvey W. Wiley	Life Science	Distinguished work in agricultural chemistry
1912	Bell, Alexander GrahamAlexander Graham Bell	Engineering	Electrical Transmission of Articulate Speech
1912	Crookes, WilliamWilliam Crookes	Chemistry	Discoveries in Chemistry
1912	Noble, Alfred EAlfred E Noble	Engineering	Distinguished work in civil engineering
1912	Morley, Edward WilliamsEdward Williams Morley	Chemistry	Determination of fundamental magnitudes in chemistry
1912	Michelson, Albert A.Albert A. Michelson	Physics	Investigations in physical optics
1912	Roscoe, Sir Henry EnfieldSir Henry Enfield Roscoe	Chemistry	Important Research in Chemistry
1912	Stratton, Samuel WesleySamuel Wesley Stratton	Engineering	Distinguished work in metrology
1912	Thomson, ElihuElihu Thomson	Engineering	Industrial applications of electricity
1912	von Baeyer, AdolfAdolf von Baeyer	Chemistry	Extended research in organic chemistry
1913	Berliner, EmileEmile Berliner	Engineering	Contributions to telephony and science of sound reproduction
1913	Fischer, Hermann EmilHermann Emil Fischer	Life Science	Organic and biological chemistry
1913	Ramsay, Sir WilliamSir William Ramsay	Chemistry	Discoveries in chemistry
1913	Randolph, IshamIsham Randolph	Engineering	Distinguished work in civil engineering
1913	Strutt, JohnJohn Strutt	Physics	Extended researches in physical science
1913	Sauveur, AlbertAlbert Sauveur	Engineering	Metallography of Iron and Steel
1913	Steinmetz, Charles ProteusCharles Proteus Steinmetz	Engineering	Analytical methods in electrical engineering
1914	von Eder, Josef MariaJosef Maria von Eder	Chemistry	Original Researches in Photo-Chemistry
1914	von Linde, Carl Paul GottfriedCarl Paul Gottfried von Linde	Engineering	Liquefaction of gases and refrigeration
1914	Smith, Edgar FahsEdgar Fahs Smith	Chemistry	Leading work in electro-chemistry
1914	Wright, OrvilleOrville Wright	Engineering	The art and science of aviation
1915	Owens, Michael J.Michael J. Owens	Engineering	Automatic Bottle Blowing Machine
1916	American Telephone & Telegraph, American Telephone & Telegraph	Engineering	Development of the Art of telephony
1916	Eldred, Byron E.Byron E. Eldred	Engineering	Low Expansion Wire for Incandescent Lamps
1916	Gans, RobertRobert Gans	Engineering	Permutit water softening process
1917	Northrup, Edwin FitchEdwin Fitch Northrup	Engineering	Investigation of Electric Furnaces and High Temperature
1918	Lewis, Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton Lewis	Engineering	Lewis Machine Gun
1920	Emmet, William LeRoyWilliam LeRoy Emmet	Engineering	Electrical Propulsion of Ships
1923	DeForest, LeeLee DeForest	Engineering	Audion
1923	Johnson, Raymond D.Raymond D. Johnson	Engineering	Hydraulic Valve
1923	Kingsbury, AlbertAlbert Kingsbury	Engineering	Thrust bearing
1925	Hodgkinson, FrancisFrancis Hodgkinson	Engineering	Turbo-Electric Appliances
1926	Hale, George ElleryGeorge Ellery Hale	Physics	Astronomical Researches of sun, solar atmosphere and solar physics
1926	Hastings, Charles S.Charles S. Hastings	Engineering	Design of Optical Systems
1927	Miller, Dayton C.Dayton C. Miller	Physics	Researches in Sound
1927	Nichols, Edward LeamingtonEdward Leamington Nichols	Physics	Investigations in the Physical Sciences
1928	Elmen, Gustaf W.Gustaf W. Elmen	Engineering	Permalloy
1928	Ford, HenryHenry Ford	Engineering	Revolutionizing automobile industry, and industrial leadership
1928	Karapetoff, VladimirVladimir Karapetoff	Computer and Cognitive Science	Kinematic Computing Devices
1928	Lawrance, Charles L.Charles L. Lawrance	Engineering	Wright Whirlwind Air-Cooled Engine, Model J-5
1929	Irvine, James ColquhounJames Colquhoun Irvine	Life Science	Carbohydrate chemistry
1929	Jackson, ChevalierChevalier Jackson	Life Science	Instruments for Removal of Foreign Bodies from Respiratory and food Passages
1929	Sperry, Elmer AmbroseElmer Ambrose Sperry [5]	Engineering	Navigational and Recording Instruments (Gyroscopic)
1930	Gibson, Norman RothwellNorman Rothwell Gibson	Physics	Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits
1930	Moultrop, Irving EdwinIrving Edwin Moultrop	Engineering	High Pressure Steam Boilers in Electric Generating Stations
1931	Davisson, Clinton JosephClinton Joseph Davisson	Physics	Scattering and diffraction of electrons by crystals
1931	Germer, Lester HalbertLester Halbert Germer	Physics	Scattering and Diffraction of Electrons by Crystals
1931	Honda, KotaroKotaro Honda	Engineering	Contributions to magnetism and metallurgy
1931	Lyman, TheodoreTheodore Lyman	Physics	Work in Spectroscopy
1932	Bridgman, Percy W.Percy W. Bridgman	Physics	Work in high pressure
1932	Fortescue, Charles LeGeytCharles LeGeyt Fortescue	Engineering	Symmetrical Coordinates in Polyphase Networks
1932	Whitehead, John B.John B. Whitehead	(unspecified)	Dielectric Behavior
1933	Bauersfeld, WaltherWalther Bauersfeld	Physics	Optical Planetarium
1933	de la Cierva, JuanJuan de la Cierva	Engineering	Autogiro-flying machine with freely rotating wings
1934	Ballantine, StuartStuart Ballantine	Engineering	Vertical Antenna for Radio Transmission
1934	Union Switch & Signal, Union Switch & Signal	Engineering	Continuous Cab Signal and Automatic Train Control Systems
1936	Curme, George O.George O. Curme	Chemistry	Development of synthetic aliphatic chemistry
1936	Van de Graaff, Robert J.Robert J. Van de Graaff	Engineering	High Voltage Electrostatic Generator
1937	Anderson, Carl DavidCarl David Anderson	Chemistry	Discovery of the positron
1937	Bowie, WilliamWilliam Bowie	Earth Science	Contributions to the Science of Geodesy (Isostasy)
1937	Brandenberger, Jacques EdwinJacques Edwin Brandenberger	Engineering	Process for Manufacture of Cellophane
1937	Giauque, William F.William F. Giauque	Physics	Low temperature research
1937	Lawrence, Ernest O.Ernest O. Lawrence	Engineering	Development of the Cyclotron
1938	Land, Edwin H.Edwin H. Land	Engineering	Polaroid camera
1939	Boys, Charles VernonCharles Vernon Boys	Physics	Creation of new methods for measuring gravitation, sound, heat, radiation and current and static electricity
1939	Campbell, George AshleyGeorge Ashley Campbell	Engineering	Theory of electric circuits for improvements in telephony
1939	Carson, John R.John R. Carson	Engineering	Contributions to electric communications
1940	Backet, Frederick M.Frederick M. Backet	Engineering	Low carbon ferro-alloys and electro-metallurgy
1940	Williams, Robert R.Robert R. Williams	Life Science	Researches upon Vitamin B1 including its isolation in the pure state in quantities sufficient for further study
1941	United States Navy, United States Navy	Engineering	Submarine rescue devices, U.S. lung and rescue chamber
1942	Hudson, Claude SilbertClaude Silbert Hudson	Life Science	Investigation in Carbohydrate chemistry
1942	Rabi, Isidor I.Isidor I. Rabi	Physics	Measurement of magnetic moments of atomic nuclei, and their radio frequency spectra
1943	Allen, Charles MetcalfCharles Metcalf Allen	Engineering	Salt velocity method for measuring the flow of water in conduits
1944	Adams, RogerRoger Adams	Chemistry	Contributions in organic chemistry
1945	Hooper, Stanford CaldwellStanford Caldwell Hooper	Engineering	Leadership in field of radio for U.S. Navy
1945	Moody, Lewis FerryLewis Ferry Moody	Engineering	Hydraulic turbines
1946	Barnes, Gladeon M.Gladeon M. Barnes	Engineering	Contributions to design and development of anti-aircraft guns, tanks, seacoast artillery and welded gun carriages
1948	Colpitts, Edwin H.Edwin H. Colpitts	Engineering	Practical systems of long distance communications
1950	Schonland, Basil Ferdinand JamiesonBasil Ferdinand Jamieson Schonland	Physics	Work in the field of atmospheric electricity and the mechanism of lightning discharge
1952	Molina, Edward C.Edward C. Molina	Engineering	Contributions to improvement of telephonic communications by applying mathematical probability to the study of telephone traffic and by the invention of switching equipment
1952	Taylor, H. BirchardH. Birchard Taylor	Engineering	Development of the single runner vertical reaction turbine
1953	Blum, WilliamWilliam Blum	Physics	Scientific basis for the electro-deposition of metals
1953	Harrison, George RussellGeorge Russell Harrison	Physics	Precision measurement in Zeeman effect
1953	Meggers, William F.William F. Meggers	Physics	Contributions to field of spectroscopy and to the knowledge of the electronic structure of many elements
1955	Bowden, F. PhilipF. Philip Bowden	Physics	For extensive investigations involving frictions between solid surfaces
1957	Libby, Willard F.Willard F. Libby	Physics	Technique of radio carbon dating
1957	Pigott, Reginald James SeymourReginald James Seymour Pigott	Engineering	Engineering accomplishments, inventions and leadership
1957	Watson-Watt, Robert AlexanderRobert Alexander Watson-Watt	Engineering	Pulsed radar, and development of radar systems
1958	Patrick, Joseph C.Joseph C. Patrick	Chemistry	Discoveries in polysulfide polymers and new processes of combining chemical compounds for the manufacture of synthetic rubber
1958	Timoshenko, Stephen P.Stephen P. Timoshenko	Engineering	Theory of elasticity and elastic stability
1959	Hammond, John HaysJohn Hays Hammond	Engineering	Developed remote radio control of moving vehicles
1959	Harrison, Henry CharlesHenry Charles Harrison	Engineering	Matched impedance principle in electro-mechanical devices
1959	Wolff, IrvingIrving Wolff	Engineering	Contributions to radio, radar and electronics
1960	Dryden, Hugh LatimerHugh Latimer Dryden	Engineering	Contributions to theory and application of aerodynamics which advanced the art of wind tunnel and aircraft design and for contributions to design and development of first automatic radar homing guided missile
1960	Nadai, Arpad LudwigArpad Ludwig Nadai	Engineering	Pioneering work in elasticity of materials
1960	Swann, William Francis GrayWilliam Francis Gray Swann	Physics	Significant studies in the field of cosmic radiation
1961	Glaser, Donald A.Donald A. Glaser	Physics	The bubble chamber for tracking and photographing tracks of high energy ionizing particles and the fragments of nuclear collisions
1961	Mössbauer, Rudolf L.Rudolf L. Mössbauer	Physics	Discovery of recoilless emission
1961	Rudenberg, ReinholdReinhold Rudenberg	Engineering	Performance of electric power systems
1961	Van Allen, James AlfredJames Alfred Van Allen	Physics	Pioneering achievements in space science, Van Allen Radiation Belts
1962	Baker, James G.James G. Baker	Physics	Innovations in the design of astronomical instruments and the mathematics of optical design
1962	von Braun, WernherWernher von Braun	Engineering	Liquid rocket motors and rocket development
1963	Christofilos, NicholasNicholas Christofilos	Physics	Contributions to applied electromagnetism and nuclear physics such as conception of strange-focusing principle in synchrotrons, the ARGUS experiment and principles in Astron development
1963	Reber, GroteGrote Reber	Physics	Radio astronomy, early radio telescopes, and the identification of the first radio star
1964	Semon, Waldo L.Waldo L. Semon	Engineering	Achievements in natural and synthetic rubber production
1964	Southwell, Richard V.Richard V. Southwell	Physics	Solution of buckling problems in physics and engineering
1964	Wilson, Robert RathbunRobert Rathbun Wilson	Physics	Contributions to the control and direction of high-energy particle beams and as a designer of instrumentation for measurement of high-energy physical phenomena
1965	Van Slyke, Donald DexterDonald Dexter Van Slyke	Life Science	Clinical chemistry procedures and apparatus
1966	Blizard, Everitt P.Everitt P. Blizard	Physics	Development of the theory of radiation shielding
1966	Mark, Herman FrancisHerman Francis Mark	Chemistry	Polymers
1968	Bartlett, NeilNeil Bartlett	Chemistry	Fluorine Compounds of Xenon and Radon
1969	Eyring, HenryHenry Eyring	Chemistry	Quantum mechanical calculations of activation energies
1969	Goldmark, Peter CarlPeter Carl Goldmark	Engineering	Contributions in the fields of electronics
1970	Zinn, Walter HenryWalter Henry Zinn	Engineering	Nuclear power reactors
1971	Flory, Paul J.Paul J. Flory	Chemistry	Polymer science
1971	Van Vleck, John HasbrouckJohn Hasbrouck Van Vleck	Physics	Theories of magnetism and dielectrics
1972	Josephson, Brian D.Brian D. Josephson	Physics	Josephson effect and theory of matter at low temperatures
1972	Lear, William PowellWilliam Powell Lear	Engineering	Development of full maneuvering automatic pilot and Lear jet
1973	Sandage, Allan R.Allan R. Sandage	Physics	Astronomy
1973	Stapp, John PaulJohn Paul Stapp	Life Science	Crash Injury Research
1974	Cairns, Theodore L.Theodore L. Cairns	Chemistry	Percyano compounds, synthesis and exploration of chemical and physical properties
1974	Dicke, Robert H.Robert H. Dicke	Physics	Role in gravitational experiment and theory
1974	Haagen-Smit, Arie JanArie Jan Haagen-Smit	Earth Science	Plant hormones and air pollution chemistry
1974	Rossi, Bruno B.Bruno B. Rossi	Physics	Cosmic rays, gamma-ray astronomy
1975	Cohn, MildredMildred Cohn	Life Science	Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of enzymatic complexes
1975	Lighthill, Michael JamesMichael James Lighthill	Physics	Acoustic quadrupole theory of aerodynamic noise generation
1976	Lederman, LeonLeon Lederman	Physics	Leadership in forefront of experimentation in study of high energy interactions, nuclear forces and particle physics
1978	Brown, Herbert C.Herbert C. Brown	Chemistry	Development of methods for synthesis of diborane and alkali metal hydrides
1978	Stillinger, Frank H.Frank H. Stillinger	Chemistry	Computer-generated model for water molecules
1979	Weinberg, StevenSteven Weinberg	Physics	Unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions
1980	Giacconi, RiccardoRiccardo Giacconi	Physics	Outstanding work in X-ray astronomy
1981	Hubbert, Marion KingMarion King Hubbert	Earth Science	Application of quantitative methods to geological problems
1982	Eubank, Harold P.Harold P. Eubank	Physics	Plasma physics
1982	Wilson, Jr., Edgar BrightEdgar Bright Wilson, Jr.	Physics	Contributions to the understanding of molecular structure and dynamics
1984	Neufeld, Elizabeth F.Elizabeth F. Neufeld	Life Science	For investigation of genetics of mucopolysaccharide storage disease
1985	Clayton, Robert N.Robert N. Clayton	Engineering	For the application of mass spectrometry to geoscience research
1985	Sakharov, AndreiAndrei Sakharov	Physics	For contributions to controlled thermonuclear reactions, baryon synthesis and proton decay, induced gravity and the quark model
1986	Kadanoff, Leo P.Leo P. Kadanoff	Physics	For contributions to the current understanding of second order phase transition
1987	Binnig, GerdGerd Binnig	Physics	For development of the scanning tunneling microscope
1987	Rohrer, HeinrichHeinrich Rohrer	Physics	For the development of scanning tunneling microscope
1988	Drickamer, Harry G.Harry G. Drickamer	Engineering	For clarification of the role of pressure in producing paramagnetic-ferromagnetic and conductor-insulator transitions
1989	Lorenz, Edward NortonEdward Norton Lorenz	Physics	For interpretation of dynamical chaos in physical systems
1990	Scully, Marlan O.Marlan O. Scully	Physics	For his discoveries in laser physics and quantum optics, atomic and statistical physics, and biological engineering
1991	Aharonov, YakirYakir Aharonov	Physics	For observations of electromagnetic potentials and insights into quantum mechanics
1991	Bohm, DavidDavid Bohm	Physics	For elevated electromagnetic potentials to status of physical observables
1992	Tsui, Lap-CheeLap-Chee Tsui	Life Science	For the discovery of the cystic fibrosis gene
1995	Caruthers, Marvin H.Marvin H. Caruthers	Life Science	For his contributions in automating the synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides
1995	Cho, Alfred Y.Alfred Y. Cho	Physics	For development and refinement of techniques of molecular beam epitaxy for use in quantum physics
1997	Fridovich, IrwinIrwin Fridovich	Life Science	For discovering the biology of free radical reactions in living organisms
1997	McCord, Joe MiltonJoe Milton McCord	Life Science	For discovering the biology of free radical reactions in living organisms

References

1. The Franklin Institute. Donors of the Medals and their histories. The Elliott Cresson Medal - Founded in 1848 - Gold Medal. Retrieved on July 13, 2009. Archived May 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
2. The Franklin Institute. Awards. About the Awards: History and Facts, Retrieved on July 13, 2009.
3. The Franklin Institute. Winners. Cresson Medal winners. Note that the 269 listed awardees include two different entries for Lee DeForest, with different spellings of his name. DeForest received only one medal, in 1923. Retrieved on July 13, 2009. Archived February 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
4. Franklin Institute. Journal of the Franklin Institute, Pergamon Press, 1898, page 210. "The Econometer: A Gas Balance for Indicating Continuously the Proportion of Carbonic Acid Gas in the Flow of Furnace Gases"
5. "Elmer Sperry Dies. Famous Inventor". New York Times. June 17, 1930. Retrieved 2012-12-21. In 1914, he was awarded first prize of the Aero Club of France or his airplane stabilizer; he also was the winner of two Franklin Institute Medals in 1914 and 1929; Collier Trophies, 1915, 1916; Holley Medal, 1927; John Fritz Medal, 1927; Albert Gary Medal, 1929; two decorations from the last Czar of Russia; two decorations from the Emperor of Japan, the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Sacred Treasure; and the grand prize of the Panama Exposition.