Emmanuel Gaillard
Emmanuel Gaillard is a prominent practicing attorney, a leading authority on international commercial arbitration, and a law professor. He founded and heads the international arbitration practice of the international law firm Shearman & Sterling and frequently acts as an arbitrator in international commercial or investment disputes.
Education
Gaillard studied law at Panthéon-Assas University (D.E.A. in Private Law, 1976; D.E.A. in Criminal Law, 1977) and completed his PhD in law there in 1981. He obtained the Agrégation des Facultés de Droit in 1982.[1] He was admitted to the Paris Bar in 1977.
Career
His practice focuses on international arbitration. He acts as counsel and arbitrator and is regularly ranked as a star performer in both categories.[2][3][4] He founded and heads the international arbitration practice of Shearman & Sterling.
Emmanuel Gaillard became Professor of Law in 1982, after obtaining the agrégation in private law. Since then, Professor Gaillard has taught at numerous universities: he was a professor of law at the Université Paris XII, he was a Visiting Professor at Harvard Law School (International Commercial Treaties, Comparative Private International Law) in 1984 and teaches in the Geneva Master in International Dispute Settlement (MIDS), a program run by the University of Geneva and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
He co-founded and chaired the Arbitration Academy from 2010 to 2013, which was created to address the increasing demand for specialized teaching in international arbitration. The Academy provides advanced Summer Courses in Paris to students and young practitioners interested in international arbitration. The Curriculum is conceived by international arbitration academics and practitioners to cover all aspects of international arbitration, and the Courses are taught by the most renowned experts in the fields of international commercial arbitration and investment treaty arbitration.
In September 2012, Professor Gaillard was appointed Professor of Law[5] at Sciences Po Law School (SPLS), where he teaches International Arbitration and Private International Law. In 2013, he was appointed On-site Program Director for New York University School of Law in Paris.[6]
In 2014, he was appointed Visiting Professor at Yale Law School where he teaches International Commercial Arbitration together with Professor Michael Reisman and Dr. Yas Banifatemi.
Theory and writings
His work experience contributes to elaborate legal theory and research on international arbitration law, especially on the subjects related to Investment Law and Arbitration (ICSID), Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and Anti-Suits Injunctions. Many of his books and articles are cited as references on these topics (listed below).
He is also often referred to as a primary author having written in all fields of international arbitration. He has commented the ICSID case law since 1987 and published in 2004 the first book of commentary of ICSID case law.[7] One of his most well-known works is his seminal treatise on international arbitration, 'Fouchard Gaillard Goldman on International Commercial Arbitration',[8] published in 1999 and frequently referred to by practitioner academics and the national courts worldwide. He recently published the first work on the theory of international arbitration, based on the Course he taught in 2007 at The Hague Academy of International Law.[9] The essay, published in French and in English under the title Legal Theory of International Arbitration, was greeted by the international arbitration community as a ground-breaking and landmark work, for both the well-versed and the newcomers to international arbitration. It is also available in Arabic, Chinese and Spanish, Hungarian[10] and Portuguese languages.
Arbitrator
He acts as a chairman, sole arbitrator or member of the tribunal in numerous international arbitration proceedings (under the rules of the ICSID, ICC, LCIA, AAA, IACAC, etc.) as well as in ad hoc arbitration proceedings (UNCITRAL).
He is a chairman in NAFTA proceedings under UNCITRAL Rules. Then, he is also co-arbitrator in other investment treaty arbitrations.[11]
Lawyer and Counsel
Gaillard acts as a counsel in numerous international arbitration proceedings (mainly oil & gas, construction, international investment, environment and mergers & acquisitions matters). In 2005, he drew the attention of the world's legal community when he began representing the majority shareholders in Yukos Oil Company against the Russian Federation, for compensation up to US$50billion, the largest international arbitration ever.[12] An award on jurisdiction was issued on November 30, 2009 in those proceedings, according to which the tribunal accepted that it has jurisdiction to hear the case pursuant to the provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT).[13][14] In three awards dated 18 July 2014, the Arbitral Tribunal constituted in accordance with Article 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules under the auspices of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) ordered Russia to pay over US$50 billion in compensation for the indirect expropriation of OAO Yukos Oil Company (Yukos).[15][16]
The main proceedings he worked or he is working on are the representation of the majority shareholders in Yukos Oil Company as Claimants in a series of three arbitrations against the Russian Federation, Wena Hotels against the Arab Republic of Egypt (ICSID Case No. ARB/98/4), The Slovak Republic as Respondent in an ICSID arbitration against Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka, A.S. (“CSOB”) (ICSID Case No. ARB/97/4), SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. as Claimant in an ICSID arbitration against the Republic of the Philippines (ICSID Case No. ARB/02/6),[17] SAUR International against the Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No. ARB/04/4), SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. as Claimant in an ICSID arbitration in The Hague and Paris against the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (ICSID Case No. ARB/01/13), Plama Consortium Limited as Claimant in an ICSID arbitration in Paris against the Republic of Bulgaria (ICSID Case No. ARB/03/24).
Works
Books
- Author, Legal Theory of International Arbitration, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, May 2010, 202 pp.
- Author, La jurisprudence du CIRDI : Volume No. 2, Pedone, 2010
- Author, Aspects philosophiques du droit de l'arbitrage international, Martinus Nijhoff (Pocket Books of the Hague Academy of International Law / Les livres de poche de L'Académie de droit international de La Haye), 2008
- Author, La jurisprudence du CIRDI, Pedone, 2004.
- Co-author and co-editor, Fouchard Gaillard Goldman On International Commercial Arbitration, Kluwer, 1999 (and its French edition, Traité de l’arbitrage commercial international, Litec 1996).
- IAI Series
- General editor, IAI International Arbitration Series No. 1, Annulment of ICSID Awards, JurisPublishing, 2004.
- General editor, IAI International Arbitration Series No. 2, Anti-Suit Injunctions in International Arbitration, Juris Publishing, 2005.
- General editor, IAI International Arbitration Series No. 3, Towards a Uniform International Arbitration Law?, Juris Publishing, 2005.
- Editor with Jennifer Younan, IAI International Arbitration Series No. 4, State Entities in International Arbitration, Juris Publishing, 2008
- Editor with Yas Banifatemi, IAI International Arbitration Series No. 5, Precedent in International Arbitration, Juris Publishing, 2008
- Editor, IAI International Arbitration Series No. 6, Review of International Arbitral Awards, Juris Publishing, 2010
- General editor (with Frederic Bachand), IAI International Arbitration Series No. 7, Fifteen Years of NAFTA Chapter 11 Arbitration, Juris Publishing, 2011
- Author, Le pouvoir en droit privé, Economica, 1985
Articles
- “Sociologie de l’arbitrage”, in Journal du Droit International, Octobre-Novembre-Décembre 2015, n°4/2015, pp. 1089–1113.
- “Sociology of international arbitration” in Arbitration International, The Official Journal of the London Court of International Arbitration, 2015, 31, pp. 1–17
- “Le concours de procédures arbitrales dans le droit des investissements”, in Mélanges en l'honneur du Professeur Pierre Mayer, LGDJ Lextenso Editions, Octobre 2015, pp. 225–239.
- “Algeria,” in African Upstream Oil and Gas, A Practical Guide to the Law and Regulation, December 2014
- “Transcending National Legal Orders for International Arbitration”, in International Council for Commercial Arbitration, ICCA Congress Series no. 17, p. 371 (2013).
- “Rapport de synthèse : l’argent de l’arbitrage”, in L’argent dans l’arbitrage, Lextenso Editions, p. 191 (2013).
- "L’arbitrage international et le droit de l’Union européenne : un dialogue constructif ou une collision inévitable ? ”, in Cahiers de droit de l’entreprise, N° 5, p. 9 (2013).
- "International Arbitration as a Transnational System of Justice", in Arbitration - The Next Fifty Years, ICCA Congress Series No. 16, 2012, pp. 66–73.
- “Les principes fondamentaux du nouveau droit français de l’arbitrage”, in Le nouveau droit français de l’arbitrage (Dir. Thomas Clay), p. 57 (2011).
- “Commentaire analytique du décret du 13 janvier 2011 portant réforme du droit français de l’arbitrage”, in Les cahiers de l’arbitrage, p. 263 (2011-2).
- “L’Union européenne et la régression de la règle de droit”, in La semaine juridique – Edition générale, n° 13, p. 361 (2011).
- "Réflexions sur le nouveau droit français de l'arbitrage international", in Rivista dell'Arbitrato, n.4/2011, pp. 525–556 (in French).
- "L’arbitrage, une forme de justice ordinaire" in La Tribune, May 24, 2011, p. 27 (in French).
- "After Morrison: The Case for a New Hague Convention on The Law Applicable to Securities Frauds", in 5.1 Dispute Resolution International, May 2011.
- "Menaces sur la protection des investissements en Europe", in Option Droit et Affaires, May 11, 2011.
- "General Principles of Law in International Commercial Arbitration—Challenging the Myths", in World Arbitration & Mediation Review (WAMR), Vol. 5, No. 2 (2011).
- "France Adopts New Law On Arbitration," New York Law Journal, Jan. 24, 2011.
- "Le nouveau droit français de l'arbitrage interne et international", in Recueil Dalloz, num. 3, 20 janvier 2011, pp. 175–192 (with Pierre de Lapasse, co-author).
- “Advocacy in Practice: The Use of Parallel Proceedings”, in The Art of Advocacy in International Arbitration 173 (R.D. Bishop 2nd ed. 2010)(co-author).
- “Three philosophies of International Arbitration”, in Contemporary Issues in International Arbitration and Mediation The Fordham Papers Volume 3 2009, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010, p. 305.
- “The Energy Charter Treaty”, in Arbitration under International Investment Agreements, OUP, 2010, p. 37 (co-author).
- "L'ordre juridique arbitral : réalité, utilité et spécificité", Conférence commémorative John E.C. Brierley, in McGill Law Journal, vol. 55, 2010.
- "The Representations of International Arbitration", in Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 2010, pp. 1–11.
- Masochisme français - Le Tribunal des conflits torpille le droit français de l'arbitrage, JCP la Semaine Juridique, édition générale, n.21, 24 mai 2010.
- Le Traité sur la Charte de l’énergie reste un outil juridique essentiel, Les Echos, 25 février 2010.
- “The Urgency of Not Revising the New York Convention” in ICCA Congress Series No 14, 50 Years of the New York Convention. ICCA International Arbitration Conference, 689 (2009).
- “Russia cannot walk away from its legal obligations”, Financial Times, August 18, 2009.
- “Identify or define? Reflections on the evolution of the concept of investment in ICSID practice”, in International Investment Law for the 21st Century. Essays in Honour of Christoph Schreuer, Oxford University Press, 403 (2009).
- “Rencontre avec Emmanuel Gaillard autour de la sortie de son ouvrage : « Aspects philosophiques du droit de l'arbitrage international »”, Juriste d’Entreprise Magazine (Entretien Philippe Coen), 3 (juillet 2009), P.14-15.
- “’Biwater’, Classic Investment Bases: Input Risk, Duration”, New York Law Journal, December 31, 2008.
- “Negative Effect of Competence-Competence: The Rule of Priority in Favor of the Arbitrators” in Enforcement of Arbitration Agreements and International Arbitral Awards: The New York Convention in Practice (E. Gaillard, D. Di Pietro, Editors) Cameron May, 257 (2008).
- “Effectiveness of Arbitral Awards, State Immunity from Execution and Autonomy of State Entities: Three Incompatible Principles”, in IAI Series on International Arbitration No. 4, State Entities in International Arbitration, 179 (2008).
- “Anti-Arbitration Trends in Latin America”, New York Law Journal, June 5, 2008.
- “Centre international pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements (CIRDI), Chronique des sentences arbitrales”, J.D.I., 2008.311.
- “La jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation en matière d’arbitrage international”, Rev. arb., 2007.697.
- “Souveraineté et autonomie : réflexions sur les représentations de l’arbitrage international”, J.D.I., 2007.1163.
- “La reconnaissance, en droit suisse, de la seconde moitié du principe d’effet négatif de la compétence-compétence ”, in Global Reflections on International Law, Commerce and Dispute Resolution, Liber Amicorum in Honour of Robert Briner, ICC Publishing, 2005, p. 311.
- “Il est interdit d’interdire: réflexions sur l’utilisation des anti-suit injunctions dans l’arbitrage commercial international”, Rev. arb., 2004.47.
- “L’interférence des juridictions du siège dans le déroulement de l’arbitrage”, in Liber Amicorum Claude Reymond, 2004, p. 83.
- “L’arbitrage sur le fondement des traités de protection des investissements”, Rev.arb., 2003.853.
- “L’arbitrage international : la valeur patrimoniale de la clause d’arbitrage”, Réalités industrielles (Annales des mines), août 1999, p. 36.
- “L’effet négatif de la compétence-compétence”, in Etudes de procédure et d’arbitrage en l’honneur de Jean-François Poudret, 1999, p. 387.
- “L’exécution des sentences annulées dans leur pays d’origine”, J.D.I., 1998.645.
- “Trente ans de Lex mercatoria. Pour une application sélective de la méthode des principes généraux du droit”, J.D.I., 1995.5.
- “La distinction des principes généraux du droit et des usages du commerce international”, in Etudes offertes à Pierre Bellet, 1991, p. 203.
- “The Representations of International Arbitration”, New York Law Journal, October 4, 2007.
- “The denunciation of the ICSID Convention”, New York Law Journal, June 26, 2007.
- “Extent of Court Review of Public Policy”, New York Law Journal, April 5, 2007.
- “ICC Pre-Arbitral Referee: A Procedure Into Its Stride”, New York Law Journal, October 5, 2006.
- “Prima Facie Review of Existence, Validity of Arbitration Agreement”, New York Law Journal, December 1, 2005.
- “Anti-Suit Injunctions Issued by Arbitrators” in ICCA Congress Series No 13, International Arbitration 2006: Back to Basics? Kluwer 2007.235.
- “Reflections on the Use of Anti-Suit Injunctions in International Arbitration” in Pervasive Problems in International Arbitration (Kluwer, 2006, Loukas A. Mistelis and Julian D.M. Lew eds.), p. 201.
- “Investment and Investors Covered by the Energy Charter Treaty” in Investment Arbitration and the Energy Charter Treaty (Juris Publishing, 2006C. Ribeiro ed., 2006), p. 54.
- “Investment Treaty Arbitration and Jurisdiction over Contractual Claims. The SGS Cases Considered” in International Investment Law and Arbitration: Leading cases from the ICSID, NAFTA, Bilateral Treaties and Customary International Law (Cameron May: London, 2005, T. Weiler, ed.), p. 325.
- “The Extent of Review of the Applicable Law in Investment Treaty Arbitration”, in IAI Series on International Arbitration No. 1, Annulment of ICSID Awards 223 (2004).
- “The Meaning of ‘and’ in Article 42 (1), Second Sentence, of the Washington Convention: The Role of International Law in the ICSID Choice of Law Process”, 18 ICSID Review 375 (2003) (co-author).
- “The ICC Pre-Arbitral Referee. First Practical Experiences”, Arbitration International, volume 20, No. 1, 2004, p. 13.
- “The Role of the Arbitrator in Determining the Applicable Law”, in The Leading Arbitrators’ Guide to International Arbitration (L.-W. Newman, R.D. Hill, Editors), Juris Publishing, 2004, p. 185.
- “International Organisations and Immunity From Jurisdiction: To Restrict or To Bypass”, 51 International Comparative Law Quarterly 1 (2002) (co-author).
- “Transnational Law: A Legal System or a Method of Decision Making?”, 17 Arbitration International 59 (2001). (Also published in K.P. Berger (ed.), The Practice of Transnational Law, 53-65, Kluwer, 2001).
- “Use of General Principles of International Law in International Long-Term Contracts”, International Business Lawyer, May 1999, vol. 27, n°5, p. 214.
- “The Enforcement of Awards Set Aside in the Country of Origin”, 14 ICSID Review 16 (1999).
- “Thirty Years of Lex Mercatoria: Towards the Selective Application of Transnational Rules”, 10 ICSID Review 208 (1995).
Lectures
The Role of International Law in Investment Arbitration in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
References
- ↑ Source: Biography published on Sciences Po - Ecole de Droit Website
- ↑ Source:Chambers and Partners
- ↑ Gaillard Named to Vanity Fair "Most Influential French People in the World" List, Nov. 2013. As examples, the article cites Emmanuel Gaillard's representation of the former majority shareholders of Yukos Oil Company against the Russian Federation, the Egyptian company EGAS in its Israel pipeline dispute and nuclear giant Areva in its dispute relating to the construction of an EPR powerplant in Finland.
- ↑ Source: in Magazine des Affaires, Stratège, n°106, december 2015, pp.76-78
- ↑ http://www.sciences-po.fr/recherche/news/communiques/academiques-2012.htm
- ↑ http://www.law.nyu.edu/global/globalopportunities/nyulawabroad/paris/PAstaff
- ↑ E. Gaillard, La jurisprudence du CIRDI, Pedone, 2004
- ↑ 'Fouchard Gaillard Goldman on International Commercial Arbitration' large citations.
- ↑ E. Gaillard, Aspects philosophiques du droit de l'arbitrage international, La Haye, 2008
- ↑ Table of Contents
- ↑ Source: IAI Paris and International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA)
- ↑ Ioukos: Paris dans la balance / Eric Chol, l'Express, published on April 11, 2005
- ↑ "A Victory for Holders of Yukos". The New York Times. 2009-12-02.
- ↑ See also: Yukos - Landmark Decision on the Energy Charter Treaty (Jan. 5, 2010)
- ↑ "Historic Award in the Yukos Majority Shareholders Arbitration" (PDF).
- ↑ See also: Yukos and Russia: A $50 Billion Question, Michael D. Goldhaber, The American Lawyer, March 28, 2016
- ↑ See a commentary on this case
|