Empress Eishō

Empress Dowager Eishō 英照皇太后
Empress consort of Japan
Tenure	10 March 1846 – 30 January 1867
Enthronement	10 March 1846
Born	11 January 1835 Kyoto, Japan
Died	11 January 1897 (aged 62) Tokyo, Japan
Burial	Senyū-ji, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto
Spouse	Emperor Kōmei
Full name Asako (夙子)
House	Imperial House of Japan
Father	Kujō Hisatada
Religion	Shinto

This image suggests a type of formal crown (hokan) which would have been worn by a Japanese Imperial consort (published c. 1840).

Empress Dowager Eishō (英照皇太后 Eishō-kōtaigō, 11 January 1835 – 11 January 1897) was the empress consort of Emperor Kōmei of Japan.^[1] She is also known under the technically incorrect name Empress Eishō (英照皇后 Eishō-kōgō).

Early life

As the daughter of Kujō Hisatada, who was a former kampaku, Kujō Asako could anticipate a life unfolding entirely within the ambit of the Imperial court; but she could not have anticipated the vast array of changes which the years would bring during her lifetime. At age 13, she was matched with Crown Prince Okihito.^[2] When Emperor Ninkō died in 1846, the newly elevated Emperor Kōmei named her Nyōgo, a consort position of high honor to which princesses of the blood were appointed after the time of Emperor Kammu.^[3]

Consort

Asako had two daughters, whom both died in infancy; but she became the official mother of Komei's heir, Crown Prince Mutsuhito. He developed a strong emotional attachment to her, which became especially important in the unsettled period after Emperor Kōmei died unexpectedly.^[4]

Empress dowager

Soon after the death of Emperor Kōmei, Emperor Meiji conferred the title of Empress Dowager; and she was given a posthumous name to go with her new title. This was a highly unusual gesture; and she was afterward known as Empress Dowager Eishō (英照皇太后 Eishō kōtaigō). This specific posthumous name was taken from the title of a poem, "Purple Wisteria over a Deep Pool," by a T'ang dynasty poet; and it was deemed appropriate for a daughter of the Kūjo family as part of the Fujiwara ("Wisteria Field") clan.^[5] When the Meiji period Imperial court relocated from Kyoto to Tokyo, she followed, living first in the Akasaka Palace and then in the Aoyama Palace.^[4]

The empress dowager died in 1897 at age 62 and was buried at Senyū-ji, which is in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto.^[4] Her memory is officially honored at her husband's mausoleum in Kyoto, which is known as Nochi-no-tsukinowa no higashiyama no misasagi.^[6]

Franz Eckert composed "Trauermarsch" ("Deep mourning" funeral march or "Kanashimi no kiwami") for the funeral of Empress Dowager Eishō.

Emperor Meiji and his wife could not attend the funeral, but they traveled to Kyoto to pay graveside respects in the spring after her death.^[7]

See also

• Japanese empresses
• Ōmiya Palace

Notes

1. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1859). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 334-335.
2. Ponsonby-Fane, p. 334.
3. Ponsonby-Fane, p. 302.
4. Ponsonby-Fane, p. 335.
5. Keene, Donald. (2002). Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912, p. 531.
6. Ponsonby-Frane, p. 423.
7. Keene, p. 532.

References

• Keene, Donald. (2002). Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12340-2; OCLC 46731178
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887