Engelhardt family

Engelhardt (Russian: Энгельгардт) is a Baltic-German Russian noble and baronial family. The family name is sometimes given as "von Engelhardt".

Coat of Arms of the Engelhardt family

History

The legendary founder of the Engelhardt dynasty, Carl Bernhard Engelhardt (1159–1230), served as a knight in the Third Crusade, which was launched to liberate the Holy Sepulchre. During that campaign, he is said to have received the surname Engelhardt ('angelic strength') for saving the life of the French king Philip II Augustus in the Siege of Acre.

The documented origins of the family lie in Switzerland, where Heinrich Engelhardt is mentioned in the years 1383–1390 as a citizen and councillor in Zurich. In the early fifteenth century, Georg Engelhardt lived in Livonia. From him descend all the nobles and barons of the Engelhardt family in the Russian Empire.

The first Engelhardt to become a Russian subject was Werner Engelhardt, who had previously served in the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He converted to the Russian State religion, accepting Orthodoxy and taking the baptismal name, Jeremiah. He died before 1672. His son Siegmund (Stepan, upon Orthodox baptism) was a Muscovite noble and stolnik (personal attendant upon the Tsar) and a lieutenant in the Smolensk gentry. Other sons of Werner (Jeremiah) were Georg (Yuri) and Johann (Ivan), who also served as stolniks.

The noble family of Engelhardt is recorded in Book VI of the genealogy of the province of Smolensk, and its coat of arms is included in Part VI of the General Armorial. The baronial line of Engelhardt is recorded in Part V of the genealogy books of the provinces of Yaroslava, Ekaterinoslavskaya, and Kursk.

Accomplishments

The house of Engelhardt has produced many distinguished and well known charitable works — the building of churches and hospitals, large donations to universities, public libraries and observatories (including the donation of ancient manuscripts), free land for the construction of railways and other public purposes, and the liberation of serfs.

The Engelhardt name has been attached to a scientific institute in Moscow, the observatory of Kazan University, the gold medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the main railway station in Smolensk, a crater on the moon, an asteroid, and a star in the constellation Cygnus.

The Potemkin nieces

Helen, the sister of Grigory Potemkin, was married to Vasily Andreyevich Engelhardt. Their six daughters, being nieces of Potemkin, were imperial favorites and featured prominently in the court of Catherine II and the subsequent reign. Potemkin doted on his nieces (and, it is generally assumed in the case of Barbara, Alexandra, and Catherine, had sexual relations) and bequeathed to them some of his great wealth.

The six Potemkin nieces were:

• Barbara Engelhardt (1752–1815), who married Prince Sergey Feodorovich Golitsyn (1749–1810).
• Alexandra Engelhardt (1754–1838), who married Count Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1730–1819).
• Anna Sofia Engelhardt (175?–1820), who married Mikhail Mikhailovich Zhukov (1728–1803), Governor of Astrakhan.
• Nadejda Engelhardt (1759–1823), whose first marriage in 1775 was to Colonel Pavel Alekseevich Izmailov (d. 1781) and second to Peter Shepelev (1737–1828).
• Catherine Engelhardt (1761–1829), whose first marriage was to Count Paul Martynovich Skavronsky and second to Count Giulio Litta.
• Tatiana Engelhardt (1769–1841), whose first marriage was to Count Mikhail Sergeevich Potemkin (1744–1791), her mother's and her uncle's cousin, and second in 1793 to Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov (1750–1831).

Notable Engelhardts

• William Karpovich Engelhardt (alternately Wilhelm Heinrich Engelhardt or Vasily Karlovich Engelhardt)(1726–1797): general, and Lieutenant Governor of Vyborg.
• Vasily Vasilyevich (born 1758): officer in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), senator.
• Fyodor Engelhardt(1762–1831), Russian general.
• Georg von Engelhardt (1775–1862),^[1] Russian statesman, editor and author.^[2]
• Otto Moritz Ludwig von Engelhardt (1778–1842): Professor of Mineralogy at Tartu University.
• Alexander Bogdanovich Engelhardt (1795–1859): baron, lieutenant general, chief of southern military settlements.
• Sergey Petrovich Engelhardt (1795–1870) — Governor of Mogilev.
• Valerian Engelhardt (1798–1856): general and civil engineer.
• Nikolai Fedorovich Engelhardt (born 1799), brother of Valerian F. Engelhardt: Lieutenant General, and Commander of the 15th Infantry Division in the Sevastopol campaign of 1854–55.
• Baron Gustav Moritz Constantin (1828–1881): professor and Dean of the Theological Faculty of the University of Dorpat.
• Vasily Pavlovich Engelhardt (1828–1915): astronomer, and chronicler of Suvorov's Swiss expedition.
• Alexander Nikolayevich Engelhardt (1832–1893): renowned scholar and agriculturalist.
• Helene von Engelhardt (1850-1910): poet and translator.
• Nick Clegg, Deputy Prime Minister of the UK and Leader of the Liberal Democrats, whose grandmother, Baroness von Engelhardt, was the niece of Baroness Moura Budberg
• Jakob von Engelhardt Organic Chemist, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung .^[3][4]
• Dr Nikolaus von Engelhardt (Endocrinologist, Zoologist, Evolutionary Biologist).

References

1. ENGELHARDT Georg Rheingold von (1775-1862)
2. Georg von Engelhardt Nordisk familjebok, 1881, veerg 502 (rootsi keeles)
3. Walters, Guy. "Was Nick Clegg's aunt a Soviet Spy? She was an enigmatic Russian baroness who cut a swathe through London's best connected men". Daily Mail UK, 14 January 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2015. It was in London that Moura would meet not only Lockhart, but also her first husband, Count Ivan Benckendorff, with whom she went to live in Estonia. In 1913, she gave birth to a son, and then in 1915, to a girl. Moura, (whose niece was Kira, Baroness von Engelhardt), acquired the Estonian title of Baroness Budberg through a marriage of convenience
4. "Independent". 2 January 2015.